In democracies, such as the United States, local and national elections are held as often as every two years. An important implication of this is that ____. a. resolution of difficult, high-impact problems is the typical focus during and after elections b. program administrators often must operate without direction or oversight during and after elections c. solutions to complex problems are often rapidly implemented after elections d. development of policies is left in the hands of experts e. politicians spend much of their time on re-election and deal only with simple, isolated problems