1. In distinguishing them from clients, Johnson asserts that constituents
2. depend on the government payments or services they receive.
3. enjoy personal relationships with public officials
4. can individually and collectively exert significant political influence over government agencies.
5. are almost always satisfied with government agency performance.

QUESTION 2

1. The constitutional ban on establishment of religion has been interpreted to
2. prevent governments from giving funds to religious organizations for any reason whatsoever.
3. ban public employees from praying while at work
4. permit government agencies to aid secular activities of religious groups, as long as all groups are eligible and no religion is officially endorsed.
5. allow government to endorse the worship of a particular religion if no financial aid is involved.

QUESTION 3

1. The "equal protection of the laws" was first mandated by
2. the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1868.
3. Article III of the U.S. Constitution.
4. the U.S. Supreme Court in Brown v. Topeka Board of Education in 1954.
5. Congress, in the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

QUESTION 4

1. The right to personal privacy is
2. specifically guaranteed in the 5th and 14th Amendments to the Constitution.
3. not explicit, but inferred from the constitutional language, particularly in the Fourth Amendment.
4. based on several acts of Congress, particularly the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
5. uncertain, since no decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court have specifically upheld it.

12.5 points

QUESTION 5

1. Digital government is best defined as
2. any means by which agencies more efficiently obtain and store personal information
3. the use of computers to increase the efficiency of government operations.
4. the use of information technology to disseminate government messages to the public.
5. the transaction of business between the public and government by means of computers and electronic networks.

QUESTION 6

1. The constitutional right to freedom of speech may ordinarily be limited or restricted by an agency of government
2. under no circumstances, since the First Amendment says "no law abridging the freedom of speech."
3. when a police officer deems a public statement to be offensive to public decency.
4. if the speaker is a member of an organization that has a reputation for violence, such as the Ku Klux Klan.
5. when an expression poses an imminent threat to public order or to others' rights.

QUESTION 7

1. The concept of due process of law applies:
3. only to U.S. citizens
5. only to defendants in criminal cases
7. only to those involved in any court case, civil or criminal.
9. The Constitution, as emphatically affirmed by the 14th Amendment, guarantees equal protection and due process to all who deal with government.

QUESTION 8

1. Which of the following advances in technology threaten to compromise 4th Amendment privacy protections?
2. Location tracking performed via cellphones, EZ Passes and financial transactions.
3. Records internet providers maintain of users'web-surfing and social media networking
4. Home networks of "smart appliances," led by Alexa, that record our behavior to learn from it.
5. All of the above.