In January 2003, the FAA ordered that passengers be either weighed or surveyed about their weight prior to boarding 10- to 19-seat passenger planes. The order was instituted in response to a crash that occurred on January 8, 2003, in Charlotte, North Carolina, in which all 21 passengers, including the pilot and co-pilot, of a 19-seat Beech 1900 turboprop died. One possible cause of the crash was that the plane may have been carrying too much weight. (Source: Matthew L. Wald, "Weight estimates on air passengers will be increased," www.nytimes.com, May 13, 2003.) The airlines were asked to weigh adult passengers and carry-on bags randomly over one month to estimate the mean weight per passenger (including luggage). A total of 426 people and their luggage were weighed, and the sample data are contained in the first three columns of the data set titled Project 3 Data Sets that can be found in Google Sheets. REQUIRED TASKS Prepare an exploratory and/or explanatory descriptive analysis of the data using charts, graphs, and numerical measures to summarize the data. It is up to you to decide what charts you think will be appropriate to communicate some meaningful insights contained in the data. You may refer to your application project 1 for some ideas on descriptive analysis. Your next goal is to construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval estimate for the mean weight for all passengers. In your capacity as a consulting data analyst, communicate your insights based on the results of your analysis. What is the margin of error of the confidence interval you obtained earlier? Suppose in the next study, you do not want to take as large a sample as the one you took in this study, what general options do you have to lower the sample size?

Weight Gender Age

197 Male 55

171 Male 47

212 Male 62

239 Male 49

237 Male 36

252 Male 47

146 Male 46

199 Male 47

235 Male 52

176 Male 62

186 Male 56

159 Male 51

155 Male 67

179 Male 51

184 Male 56

148 Male 44

190 Male 53

194 Male 52

209 Male 55

195 Male 50

196 Male 51

195 Male 54

241 Male 47

203 Male 59

200 Male 57

191 Male 58

258 Male 52

228 Male 57

269 Male 50

187 Male 54

250 Male 42

161 Male 53

220 Male 50

229 Male 61

257 Male 42

203 Male 53

191 Male 48

223 Male 50

195 Male 44

225 Male 53

166 Male 64

182 Male 52

164 Male 65

195 Male 47

204 Male 51

206 Male 49

196 Male 55

264 Male 47

158 Male 61

185 Male 52

135 Male 70

244 Male 52

170 Male 50

187 Male 53

225 Male 55

218 Male 58

229 Male 49

221 Male 48

168 Male 53

175 Male 68

224 Male 45

214 Male 51

180 Male 56

198 Male 56

209 Male 53

220 Male 56

209 Male 47

180 Male 56

256 Male 53

218 Male 59

207 Male 54

227 Male 58

228 Male 48

188 Male 65

180 Male 55

235 Male 44

173 Male 47

163 Male 48

224 Male 46

222 Male 47

265 Male 49

244 Male 65

240 Male 55

208 Male 43

205 Male 56

217 Male 46

204 Male 60

177 Male 49

157 Male 49

227 Male 55

217 Male 59

222 Male 40

211 Male 43

177 Male 51

238 Male 55

197 Male 73

182 Male 48

183 Male 45

193 Male 61

193 Male 49

191 Male 42

228 Male 46

219 Male 43

189 Male 61

240 Male 62

157 Male 55

220 Male 43

202 Male 66

206 Male 57

187 Male 47

190 Male 62

228 Male 50

227 Male 50

217 Male 51

224 Male 65

249 Male 46

213 Male 51

221 Male 54

255 Male 51

196 Male 49

233 Male 53

209 Male 41

236 Male 62

201 Male 53

184 Male 48

234 Male 51

189 Male 62

219 Male 38

220 Male 60

196 Male 44

193 Male 40

168 Male 55

259 Male 60

190 Male 45

207 Male 50

199 Male 55

282 Male 56

239 Male 50

229 Male 47

241 Male 52

210 Male 54

220 Male 62

198 Male 34

172 Male 49

239 Male 59

197 Male 52

170 Male 60

226 Male 53

226 Male 54

217 Male 56

216 Male 54

188 Male 47

225 Male 53

219 Male 54

234 Male 51

130 Male 56

218 Male 58

245 Male 56

158 Male 43

206 Male 55

242 Male 56

251 Male 56

211 Male 40

209 Male 38

255 Male 59

204 Male 72

187 Male 54

229 Male 44

205 Male 53

233 Male 57

217 Male 46

244 Male 42

202 Male 73

179 Male 58

163 Male 50

136 Male 59

208 Male 56

213 Male 57

205 Male 57

210 Male 54

212 Male 57

245 Male 54

207 Male 60

175 Male 48

167 Male 50

210 Male 65

231 Male 45

164 Male 44

189 Male 48

219 Male 46

199 Male 61

196 Male 54

201 Male 52

193 Male 48

183 Male 57

222 Male 61

207 Male 61

239 Male 49

212 Male 54

207 Male 59

211 Male 48

211 Male 47

205 Male 48

172 Male 53

211 Male 66

209 Male 49

225 Male 44

185 Male 51

222 Male 45

211 Male 46

208 Male 46

228 Male 51

254 Male 50

170 Male 50

172 Male 58

220 Male 60

237 Male 54

181 Male 58

147 Male 55

181 Male 43

210 Male 36

217 Male 48

178 Male 58

182 Male 56

217 Male 43

208 Male 55

190 Male 41

208 Male 60

180 Male 60

181 Male 53

233 Male 55

249 Male 59

187 Male 49

200 Male 47

208 Male 51

255 Male 61

221 Male 52

250 Male 56

210 Male 40

247 Male 58

188 Male 48

179 Male 67

237 Male 47

230 Male 49

158 Male 64

239 Male 57

200 Male 53

174 Male 49

154 Male 35

183 Male 45

218 Male 57

230 Male 65

203 Male 53

204 Male 46

211 Male 60

195 Male 50

230 Male 48

192 Male 49

268 Male 60

225 Male 37

221 Male 61

179 Male 47

229 Male 45

244 Male 48

185 Male 58

197 Male 65

169 Male 55

242 Male 38

233 Male 63

210 Male 39

146 Male 49

219 Male 65

219 Male 54

238 Male 44

179 Male 52

238 Male 68

190 Male 48

185 Male 60

158 Male 41

242 Male 48

179 Male 50

247 Male 46

173 Male 52

194 Male 62

170 Male 40

248 Male 34

206 Male 56

214 Male 44

231 Male 55

258 Male 46

203 Male 59

177 Male 47

190 Male 47

228 Male 44

229 Male 44

219 Male 59

165 Male 62

167 Male 51

201 Male 56

188 Male 53

188 Male 53

229 Male 43

182 Male 59

202 Male 57

199 Male 59

246 Male 56

169 Male 49

180 Male 50

200 Male 54

176 Male 43

166 Male 53

147 Male 35

221 Male 46

196 Male 59

216 Male 44

150 Male 48

237 Male 47

152 Male 59

191 Male 45

179 Male 49

202 Male 49

209 Male 46

252 Male 52

191 Male 53

184 Male 27

185 Male 33

221 Male 51

240 Male 35

166 Male 33

231 Male 46

248 Male 30

187 Male 38

207 Male 40

183 Male 45

224 Male 46

211 Male 42

206 Male 54

177 Male 52

197 Male 29

225 Male 35

205 Male 45

232 Male 30

178 Male 27

225 Male 41

239 Male 28

146 Female 47

131 Female 45

139 Female 37

152 Female 45

139 Female 42

117 Female 37

123 Female 31

138 Female 36

109 Female 36

128 Female 35

123 Female 47

121 Female 32

171 Female 37

127 Female 48

96 Female 36

139 Female 37

130 Female 45

127 Female 28

160 Female 45

152 Female 48

164 Female 29

90 Female 39

107 Female 32

134 Female 27

108 Female 36

110 Female 33

114 Female 48

143 Female 31

168 Female 36

140 Female 43

135 Female 40

148 Female 43

160 Female 44

102 Female 37

154 Female 37

128 Female 37

144 Female 44

145 Female 36

120 Female 24

159 Female 47

135 Female 43

127 Female 55

136 Female 46

147 Female 41

157 Female 58

112 Female 57

133 Female 47

103 Female 43

156 Female 45

122 Female 52

159 Female 47

108 Female 73

171 Female 50

122 Female 55

163 Female 47

148 Female 53

159 Female 48

127 Female 50

132 Female 53

136 Female 55

123 Female 62

135 Female 55

128 Female 50

142 Female 60

116 Female 48

113 Female 48

124 Female 55

122 Female 48

155 Female 57

149 Female 49

113 Female 52

139 Female 59

182 Female 44

137 Female 70

115 Female 61

115 Female 58

152 Female 48

116 Female 58

93 Female 51

140 Female 49

103 Female 54In January 2003, the FAA ordered that passengers be either weighed or surveyed about their weight prior to boarding 10- to 19-seat passenger planes. The order was instituted in response to a crash that occurred on January 8, 2003, in Charlotte, North Carolina, in which all 21 passengers, including the pilot and co-pilot, of a 19-seat Beech 1900 turboprop died. One possible cause of the crash was that the plane may have been carrying too much weight. (Source: Matthew L. Wald, "Weight estimates on air passengers will be increased," www.nytimes.com, May 13, 2003.) The airlines were asked to weigh adult passengers and carry-on bags randomly over one month to estimate the mean weight per passenger (including luggage). A total of 426 people and their luggage were weighed, and the sample data are contained in the first three columns of the data set titled Project 3 Data Sets that can be found in Google Sheets. REQUIRED TASKS Prepare an exploratory and/or explanatory descriptive analysis of the data using charts, graphs, and numerical measures to summarize the data. It is up to you to decide what charts you think will be appropriate to communicate some meaningful insights contained in the data. You may refer to your application project 1 for some ideas on descriptive analysis. Your next goal is to construct and interpret a 95% confidence interval estimate for the mean weight for all passengers. In your capacity as a consulting data analyst, communicate your insights based on the results of your analysis. What is the margin of error of the confidence interval you obtained earlier? Suppose in the next study, you do not want to take as large a sample as the one you took in this study, what general options do you have to lower the sample size?

Weight Gender Age

197 Male 55

171 Male 47

212 Male 62

239 Male 49

237 Male 36

252 Male 47

146 Male 46

199 Male 47

235 Male 52

176 Male 62

186 Male 56

159 Male 51

155 Male 67

179 Male 51

184 Male 56

148 Male 44

190 Male 53

194 Male 52

209 Male 55

195 Male 50

196 Male 51

195 Male 54

241 Male 47

203 Male 59

200 Male 57

191 Male 58

258 Male 52

228 Male 57

269 Male 50

187 Male 54

250 Male 42

161 Male 53

220 Male 50

229 Male 61

257 Male 42

203 Male 53

191 Male 48

223 Male 50

195 Male 44

225 Male 53

166 Male 64

182 Male 52

164 Male 65

195 Male 47

204 Male 51

206 Male 49

196 Male 55

264 Male 47

158 Male 61

185 Male 52

135 Male 70

244 Male 52

170 Male 50

187 Male 53

225 Male 55

218 Male 58

229 Male 49

221 Male 48

168 Male 53

175 Male 68

224 Male 45

214 Male 51

180 Male 56

198 Male 56

209 Male 53

220 Male 56

209 Male 47

180 Male 56

256 Male 53

218 Male 59

207 Male 54

227 Male 58

228 Male 48

188 Male 65

180 Male 55

235 Male 44

173 Male 47

163 Male 48

224 Male 46

222 Male 47

265 Male 49

244 Male 65

240 Male 55

208 Male 43

205 Male 56

217 Male 46

204 Male 60

177 Male 49

157 Male 49

227 Male 55

217 Male 59

222 Male 40

211 Male 43

177 Male 51

238 Male 55

197 Male 73

182 Male 48

183 Male 45

193 Male 61

193 Male 49

191 Male 42

228 Male 46

219 Male 43

189 Male 61

240 Male 62

157 Male 55

220 Male 43

202 Male 66

206 Male 57

187 Male 47

190 Male 62

228 Male 50

227 Male 50

217 Male 51

224 Male 65

249 Male 46

213 Male 51

221 Male 54

255 Male 51

196 Male 49

233 Male 53

209 Male 41

236 Male 62

201 Male 53

184 Male 48

234 Male 51

189 Male 62

219 Male 38

220 Male 60

196 Male 44

193 Male 40

168 Male 55

259 Male 60

190 Male 45

207 Male 50

199 Male 55

282 Male 56

239 Male 50

229 Male 47

241 Male 52

210 Male 54

220 Male 62

198 Male 34

172 Male 49

239 Male 59

197 Male 52

170 Male 60

226 Male 53

226 Male 54

217 Male 56

216 Male 54

188 Male 47

225 Male 53

219 Male 54

234 Male 51

130 Male 56

218 Male 58

245 Male 56

158 Male 43

206 Male 55

242 Male 56

251 Male 56

211 Male 40

209 Male 38

255 Male 59

204 Male 72

187 Male 54

229 Male 44

205 Male 53

233 Male 57

217 Male 46

244 Male 42

202 Male 73

179 Male 58

163 Male 50

136 Male 59

208 Male 56

213 Male 57

205 Male 57

210 Male 54

212 Male 57

245 Male 54

207 Male 60

175 Male 48

167 Male 50

210 Male 65

231 Male 45

164 Male 44

189 Male 48

219 Male 46

199 Male 61

196 Male 54

201 Male 52

193 Male 48

183 Male 57

222 Male 61

207 Male 61

239 Male 49

212 Male 54

207 Male 59

211 Male 48

211 Male 47

205 Male 48

172 Male 53

211 Male 66

209 Male 49

225 Male 44

185 Male 51

222 Male 45

211 Male 46

208 Male 46

228 Male 51

254 Male 50

170 Male 50

172 Male 58

220 Male 60

237 Male 54

181 Male 58

147 Male 55

181 Male 43

210 Male 36

217 Male 48

178 Male 58

182 Male 56

217 Male 43

208 Male 55

190 Male 41

208 Male 60

180 Male 60

181 Male 53

233 Male 55

249 Male 59

187 Male 49

200 Male 47

208 Male 51

255 Male 61

221 Male 52

250 Male 56

210 Male 40

247 Male 58

188 Male 48

179 Male 67

237 Male 47

230 Male 49

158 Male 64

239 Male 57

200 Male 53

174 Male 49

154 Male 35

183 Male 45

218 Male 57

230 Male 65

203 Male 53

204 Male 46

211 Male 60

195 Male 50

230 Male 48

192 Male 49

268 Male 60

225 Male 37

221 Male 61

179 Male 47

229 Male 45

244 Male 48

185 Male 58

197 Male 65

169 Male 55

242 Male 38

233 Male 63

210 Male 39

146 Male 49

219 Male 65

219 Male 54

238 Male 44

179 Male 52

238 Male 68

190 Male 48

185 Male 60

158 Male 41

242 Male 48

179 Male 50

247 Male 46

173 Male 52

194 Male 62

170 Male 40

248 Male 34

206 Male 56

214 Male 44

231 Male 55

258 Male 46

203 Male 59

177 Male 47

190 Male 47

228 Male 44

229 Male 44

219 Male 59

165 Male 62

167 Male 51

201 Male 56

188 Male 53

188 Male 53

229 Male 43

182 Male 59

202 Male 57

199 Male 59

246 Male 56

169 Male 49

180 Male 50

200 Male 54

176 Male 43

166 Male 53

147 Male 35

221 Male 46

196 Male 59

216 Male 44

150 Male 48

237 Male 47

152 Male 59

191 Male 45

179 Male 49

202 Male 49

209 Male 46

252 Male 52

191 Male 53

184 Male 27

185 Male 33

221 Male 51

240 Male 35

166 Male 33

231 Male 46

248 Male 30

187 Male 38

207 Male 40

183 Male 45

224 Male 46

211 Male 42

206 Male 54

177 Male 52

197 Male 29

225 Male 35

205 Male 45

232 Male 30

178 Male 27

225 Male 41

239 Male 28

146 Female 47

131 Female 45

139 Female 37

152 Female 45

139 Female 42

117 Female 37

123 Female 31

138 Female 36

109 Female 36

128 Female 35

123 Female 47

121 Female 32

171 Female 37

127 Female 48

96 Female 36

139 Female 37

130 Female 45

127 Female 28

160 Female 45

152 Female 48

164 Female 29

90 Female 39

107 Female 32

134 Female 27

108 Female 36

110 Female 33

114 Female 48

143 Female 31

168 Female 36

140 Female 43

135 Female 40

148 Female 43

160 Female 44

102 Female 37

154 Female 37

128 Female 37

144 Female 44

145 Female 36

120 Female 24

159 Female 47

135 Female 43

127 Female 55

136 Female 46

147 Female 41

157 Female 58

112 Female 57

133 Female 47

103 Female 43

156 Female 45

122 Female 52

159 Female 47

108 Female 73

171 Female 50

122 Female 55

163 Female 47

148 Female 53

159 Female 48

127 Female 50

132 Female 53

136 Female 55

123 Female 62

135 Female 55

128 Female 50

142 Female 60

116 Female 48

113 Female 48

124 Female 55

122 Female 48

155 Female 57

149 Female 49

113 Female 52

139 Female 59

182 Female 44

137 Female 70

115 Female 61

115 Female 58

152 Female 48

116 Female 58

93 Female 51

140 Female 49

103 Female 54