In one year, Raby Ltd, a UK company, expects cash flows of £160,000 from its UK operations and €480,000 from its sales in the European Union (EU). Raby also has a debt of £550,000 due in one year. If the firm goes bankrupt, the bankruptcy costs will be £80,000. The exchange rate for one euro in one year is forecast to be £0.75 (probability 30% ) £0.85 (probability 40% ), or £0.90 (probability 30%). Assume the firm has no other cash flows, all investors are risk-neutral and the discount rate is zero 

(a) What is the expected value of the equity holders and debtholders' stakes in Raby, and the total value of the firm? 

(b) Suppose Raby can hedge its euro exposure with a forward exchange contract at € £0.84. What will be the expected cash flows to debt holders and equity holders? What will be the total value of the firm? 

(c) Suppose now that Raby can hedge its euro exposure with a put option with an exercise price of £0.85 and a premium of £0.025 per euro. What will be the expected cash flows to debt holders and equity holders? What will be the total value of the firm?

(d) Which of the three strategies in (a), (b), or (c) maximizes the value of the firm? What strategy will Raby's managers choose? Are they the same? Carefully explain why/why not (max. of 150 words)