In order to combat the cold here on campus, you may have seen BOSU facilities use a brine solution to de-ice the roads and sidewalks. Brine, a concentrated salt solution, better prevents and eliminates ice from the roads, but can be more costly to store and disburse along the roadways. Why is brine a more effective de-ice solution than solid ice melt products?

Select all that apply.

a) Since brine is already a solution, the Van't Hoff Factor is higher than solid salt, making the freezing point depression greater.

b) Brine is NOT more effective than traditional ice melt products.

c)The brine solution can more evenly coat the surface of the road, making the ice prevention more widespread.

d) Freezing point depression requires a solution to occur. Brine starts as a solution, where solid salt must form a solution first.

e) Brine is a higher concentration than solid salts, making the freezing point depression greater.