In our selected firm that is Adamjee insurance 21,22 company, if someone wants to invest, shed a light on following aspects by using horizontal analysis of last 3 years:-

• Profitability growth
• Asset VS liabilities growth
• Revenue VS Expenses growth

11:12 P 42% Horizontal analysis: "Comparison of historical financial information over a series of reporting periods or of the ratios obtained from the information Only interfirm analysis done in horizontal analysis Horizontal analysis Amount in comparison year- amount in base year 100 Amount in base Year . Horizontal Analysis : ( Balance Sheet and Income Statement) Balance Sheet 2019 2018 2017 Assets: (Rupees in Million) Cash and Bank deposits 1,177 2,211 2,279 loans to employees 49 45 43 Investments 25,828 24,114 23,749 Deferred taxation Current assets -cthers 17,295 17,499 18,444 Fixed assets 4,301 3,594 2,632 Investment property 402 426 Total assets of Window Takaful 382 241 Total Assets: 49,538 47,845 47,388 TI Total Equity 21,380 19,663 20,365 Und es waiting Poovisions 2,848 20,784 20,639 Delesed tomation 1,33 944 Defeared liabilities 225 194 Creditors and Accruals 1.719 2,206 Other liabilities 3,840 3,819 Total liabilies of Window 196 230 Takaful Totalegmity & liabilitiea :49,538 17,845 47,388 1,567 154 1,884 2,638 141 Ancome Statement Profit and loss Account Revenue Account 11:12 PM 42% 1,881 Creditors and Accounts 1,719 Other liabilities 3,840 Total liabilies of Window 196 Takaful Totalequity & liabilities49,538 2,206 3,819 230 2,638 141 47,845 47,388 11,535 7,434 2,576 1,090 (122) 557 1,494 9 96 Ancame Statement Profit and loss Account Revenue Account: et. Premium Revenue 15,434 13,806 Net Claims 9,877 8,386 Undewriting expenses 3,397 3,324 Net Commission 1,507 1,280 Unexpired sisk reserve 654 216 Under writing Result: Investment Income 1,372 1,285 Rental Income 3. 7 Other Income 44 95 Change in fair value of Investment property Other/General and administontie 54 73 expenses Exchange Gain Ifloss) 6 finance charges on lease liabilities Workers ' Lielfare fund change (356) 41 Profit before tax from takatul 108 79 Profit before tax: 2,533 2,174 Provision for taxation 720 935 Profit after taxi 1,213 1,239 12 44 5 s % = 63 67 2,121 9.0 1,221 Areas of Improvement The profit in vertical analysis decreases after 2 years while in horizontal analysis profit increases every year slowly but it increases. That's why, vertical analysis is not so good. The suggestion for improvement in vertical analysis is that the Adam ee insurance company should increase profitability every year of each product/service