In relation to the formation of a contract - how would the following be classified as an invitation to treat or offer?

1. The local Sainsbury's labels its Lamb Steaks with a ticket saying 'Special Offer - 3 for the price of 2'

2. Lilian places a poster on a lamp-post in her street saying 'Please help me find my lost dog Merlin - reward 50'

3. Ahmed calls Simon after seeing an advert for a car for sale asking how many previous owners there have been.

4. George offers to sell his BMW to Fred for 15,000. Fred replied by saying he will buy the BMW for 13,500.

5.George [as above] decides to reply to Fred saying that the BMW is no longer for sale.

ACTION:

Find out which is an invitation to treat and which is an offer in the following situations and cases.

i) Display of Goods for Sale

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists Ltd

[1953]1 QB 401

Fisher v Bell [1961] 1 QB 394

ii) Advertisements

Partridge v Crittenden [1968] 1 WLR 1204

Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256

iii) Price lists and circulars

Grainger & Sons v Gough [1896] AC 325

iv) Transactions by machines

Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 WLR 585, CA

v) Auction Sales

Sale of Goods Act 1979 s57 (2)

Barry v Davies (Trading as Heathcote Ball & Co) [2000] 1 WLR 1962

vi) Tenders

Spencer v Harding (1870) LR 5 CP 561