In response to the call of the HKSAR Government and to uphold our principle of making the health and safety of students our top priority, the teaching methods in this semester have changed a lot. E-learning (including Zoom) became the major learning method.

The following paper :

"Hung, H., & Cho, V. (2008). Continued usage of elearning communication tools: a study from the learners' perspective in Hong Kong. International Journal of Training and Development, 12(3), 171-187,"

carried out a study of 682 e-learners and investiaged factors affecting the continued usage of e-learning communication tools.

Please suggest the independent variables "X" and "Y", and dependent variable "Z" in the following conceptual model:

where "X" and "Z" are chosen from Hung and Cho (2008) (Hint: See Figure one in this paper). You need to search for one additional paper to select your own "Y" which is NOT in Hung and Cho (2008) and put the reference in your answer.

Please write down your choice of "X", "Y" and "Z", and explain the rationales behind the possible conceptual relationships among the variables in your conceptual model

State the underlying null and alternative hypotheses of H1 and H2.

Suggest a statistical analysis method that can be used for testing H1 and H2. Briefly explain why it is the best alternative.