In shapes $.$py write a series of functions, each of which builds a data structure

of some sort; we've drawn the picture for each data structure below. Some of the functions take one or more parameters; in that case, drop the values into

the functions take one or more parameters; in that case, drop the values into the data structure at the proper location. You should not do anything to thesc

parameters $($other than putting them in the proper locations$)$; you know nothing

about what they contain.

NOTE: All of the rectangles in these pictures represent Python lists $($that is$,$

arrays$).$ Do not attempt to use tuples, classes, or any other type.

NOTE: Notice that some of these functions take parameters. Those that take

parameters will put those parameters at specific locations within the shape that,

you must generate.Computer Programming II

$1$ Restrictions

Do not use any of the following Python features in your code:

import of libraries $($except if explicitly allowed$)$

List comprehensions

Generators

Type annotations

with open $-$ Explicitly open and close the file instead

Ternary operator

Recursion $($until we study it$)$

Lambda expressions

Nested functions

Closures

$2$ Overview

In this project, you will be practicing with reading and creating reference di$-$

agrams. First, we will give you a series of reference diagrams, and you will

produce a function to build each one; some of the functions will have parame$-$

ters, while others will not.

Second, we will give you a few snippets of code, and you will draw the

reference diagram for each; in some cases, you will simply produce a reference

diagram for the final state, but in others you will produce multiple diagrams,

to represent various steps in the process.

$3$ Background $-$ A File of Functions???

We all have seen that we can write a program inside a Python file; we define

the main$()$ function, and then we call it ourselves.

But another important skill for a programmer is the ability to write a func$-$

tion which will be utilized in somebody else's program. In this case, you define a

file, and define functions inside of it$,$ but you do not call the function yourself.