In Students for Fair Admissions v$.$ Harvard College and Students for Fair Admissions v$.$ University of North Carolina, the universities at issue engaged in affirmative action in their admissions programs by considering race among other factors in a holistic review of a student$$s application in order to achieve the compelling state interest of classroom diversity. In this case, U$.$S$.$ Supreme Court held:

Group of answer choices

The affirmative action programs were legal because Title VII requires public universities to affirmatively address racial inequalities.

The affirmative action programs were unconstitutional because they violated the Fourteenth Amendment$$s Equal Protection Clause.

Neither public universities nor private employers may consider an applicant's race under a judicial affirmative action plan established in response to a Title VII discrimination lawsuit.

The affirmative action programs were constitutional because the universities may use racial quotas to achieve the compelling state interest of remedying past discrimination by the education system.