In the $Mv=P{Y}_R$ identity, both sides of the equation represent:

Select one:

nominal GDP$.$

real GDP$.$

the monetary base.

the "real" money supply $($adjusted for inilation$).$

Which of the following strategies should the Fed use to accomplish a decrease in the Fed Funds Rate?

Select one:

a$.$ An open$-$markst sale of bonds.

b$.$ A decrease in the discount rate.

c$.$ An increase in reserve requirements.

d$.$ All of the above would work.