In the private markets, $q,$ are used to allocate the scarce resources efficiently, a mechanism missing in the Beveridge system. Nevertheless, the Beveridge model countries use. $q,$ as strategies for $q,$

$$ market equilibrium; queuing and gatekeeping; rationing health care supply prices; queuing, gatekeeping, and health technology assessment; rationing health care demand

prices; queuing, gatekeeping, and health technology assessment; manage competition

prices; queuing and gatekeeping; rationing health care demand

market forces; queuing and health technology assessment; rationing health care demand