In the summer of 2009, Walmart, the world's largest retailer, left no doubt about its enormous power in the marketing channel. Walmart announced to all manufacturers whose products it sells that they must adhere to Walmart's new "green" environmental initiative. The manufacturers must estimate and disclose the environmental costs of producing their products and then allow Walmart to use that information to develop a "green" rating system that will be disclosed to consumers on product labels. The cost of the "green" program will be borne entirely by the 100,000 Walmart suppliers. Although the program will take a number of years to implement fully, some parts of it may be in place by as early as mid-2011. Suppliers will not be able to opt-out of this program. So all of them, from the largest to the smallest, will have to participate. Walmart has made it clear that the giant retailer will likely drop those suppliers if they do not.

Questions:

1. Which French and Raven's bases of powers (coercive, reward, legitimate, referent, and expert) appear to be in play in this situation? State your explanation.

2. What do you think Walmart is trying to accomplish here by exercising its great power in the marketing channel?