In this exercise, we will see the effectiveness of different solutions to control hazards. Consider the following MIPS assembly code, which calculates the sum ofa $32-$bit integer array. The input parameters $a$0$ and $a$1$ are the base address and the number of elements in the array, respectively. The program is executed on the $5-$stage MIPS pipelined CPU shown below.

a$)$Which forwarding paths are used during the execution of the program?

b$)$For bne at $0$x$1$C$,$ we assumethat the processor will always read thenext instruction and continue to normal execution before the branchdecision. When bne detects that the branchis takenin MEM stage, the IF$/$ID$/$EX stages are flushed$($the same as the execution flow of beq$).$ Assuming that the valuein $a$1$ is $1000,$ how many cycles does it take for execution?What if the processor always reads the instruction at the branch target after the bne instruction?$($In detail, assuming that bne needs to stall $1$ clock cycle to calculate the branch target PC$,$ and then execute the instruction at the branch target?