In which of these scenarios is the employer most likely to avoid liability for discrimination? 

• An employer asks job applicants for their full name and marital status in a preliminary interview.
• An employer requires all employees to take the same fitness-for-duty tests throughout their course of employment. These tests are monitored and scored, and each employee is given a letter grade to assess how the employee did. In order to maximize productivity and help applicants find the correct job fit, the first question an employer always asks potential employees is if they have a disability and would require any sort of accommodation.
• In order to discreetly find out where potential employees are from, an employer asks applicants how they have learned the languages in which they are fluent.
• An employer at Winslow's, a popular sports bar, refuses to hire as a hostess a 41- year-old female who has much experience in that type of position. The employer decided against hiring her solely because he just prefers "girls who are under 25 to work for him, regardless of their experience. Additionally, the employer will only hire women who "look like pretty young girls who are not much older than 18.