In which scenario does deadweight loss occur?

A. Jill has a painting in her office that John, an art collector, has spent the past six months searching for. John, ecstatic when he walked into Jill's office on another matter, offered to buy the painting for $1,000. Though the painting is only worth $750, Jill declined, as it was a gift from her mother.

B. Charlie needs to purchase textbooks for his upcoming semester at the University of Ames. Without them, Charlie may fail his classes and be kicked out of his academic program. The University of Ames, of course, wants Charlie to pass so they can continue receiving their tuition payments. Currently, however, Charlie does not have the money to pay for his textbooks, so he calls the local bank and gets a student loanin exchange for the bank fronting the money for his textbooks, he will pay back the cost with interest following graduation.

C. Mia recently moved to Chicago for her job and wants to adopt a dog. Because of apartment restrictions, Mia is limited to certain breeds of dogs. The local animal shelter has hundreds of dogs and is overcrowded, but does not track or publish the specific breeds of available dogs. Thus, Mia cannot accurately complete the pet application with her apartment because she cannot identify the breed of any of the rescue dogs.