Incivility$-$Treating Others Poorly Has Real Costs

Incivility is any form of socially harmful behavior, such as aggression, interpe deviance, social undermining, interactional injustice, harassment, abusive st sion, and bullying. ${?}^{49}$ At its foundation, incivility violates norms of respect, and lik OB concepts it is perceptual and thus exists in the eyes of the abused. If you feel been treated disrespectfully, then you've been treated disrespectfully. This perce what negatively affects numerous outcomes across levels of the Organizing Fram such as lower employee engagement and job satisfaction, reduced effort and comm and increased stress and turnover. ${?}^{50}$

Incivility can be insidious, meaning it often happens in the background withou until it accumulates or escalates and causes others to become involved. Subtle or not, regarding various forms of mistreatment are astounding and suggest a growing epider estimated that $13$ percent of executives' time at Fortune $1000$ companies is spent dea incivility. This equates to seven weeks per year! ${?}^{51}$ Beyond the executive ranks, $98p$ employees reported experiencing some form of incivility, and $50$ percent said they treated rudely at least once a week! ${!}^{52}$ Statistics from the Workplace Bullying Institu in Table $10\mathrm{.}5,$ provide a brief glimpse of the pervasiveness and costs of the problem.

Like more conventional epidemics, incivility is contagious and being rude to son is associated with them being rude to others. And if not addressed by man others, disrespectful behaviors can become embedded and create toxic cultures tively impact an array of stakeholders$-$customers, employees, and suppliers. ${?}^{53}$

Even more shocking is the prevalence and impact of incivility in health instance, hospital workers whose supervisors mistreated them were less likel knowledge and information, which diminished their team's performance. ${?}^{54}$ Ano found that almost $25$ percent of physicians said incivility led to patient harm, $75$ percent of those physicians said bad behavior in their team caused medical e to patient deaths. ${?}^{55}$