#include  #include  #include  TASK 2 // BEGIN STRINGBUILDER IMPLEMENTATION // This code is a very rudimentary stringbuilder-like implementation // To create a new stringbuilder, use the following line of code // // stringbuilder sb = new_sb(); // // If you want to append a character to the stringbuilder, use the // following line of code. Replace whatever character you want to // append where the 'a' is. // // sb_append_char(sb, 'a'); // // Though there are some other functions that might be useful to you, // the driver code provided uses the functions, so there is no need // to use them manually. typedef struct { char** cars; size_t* len; size_t* alloc_size; } stringbuilder; stringbuilder new_sb() { stringbuilder sb; sb.cars = malloc(sizeof(char*)); *sb.cars = malloc(8*sizeof(char)); (*sb.cars)[0] = 0; sb.len = malloc(sizeof(size_t)); *sb.len = 0; sb.alloc_size = malloc(sizeof(size_t)); *sb.alloc_size = 8; return sb; } void sb_append(stringbuilder sb, char a) { int len = *sb.len; if (len >= (*sb.alloc_size)-1) { *sb.alloc_size = (*sb.alloc_size)*2; char* newcars = malloc((*sb.alloc_size)*sizeof(char)); for (int i = 0; i < *sb.len; i++) { newcars[i] = (*sb.cars)[i]; } free(*sb.cars); (*sb.cars) = newcars; } (*sb.cars)[len] = a; len++; (*sb.cars)[len] = 0; *sb.len = len; } void delete_sb(stringbuilder sb) { free(*sb.cars); free(sb.cars); free(sb.len); free(sb.alloc_size); } bool sb_is_equal(stringbuilder sb1, stringbuilder sb2) { if (*sb1.len != *sb2.len) return false; for (int i = 0; i < *sb1.len; i++) { if ((*sb1.cars)[i] != (*sb2.cars)[i]) return false; } return true; } void print_sb(const stringbuilder sb) { printf("%s", *sb.cars); } // END STRINGBUILDER IMPLEMENTATION // ============================================================ // Write your solutions to the tasks below const unsigned UNS_MAX = -1; // 1111... const unsigned UNS_MIN = 0; // 0000... const int INT_MAX = UNS_MAX >> 1; // 0111... const int INT_MIN = ~INT_MAX; // 1000... // Task 1 // For this function, you must return an integer holding the value // x+1, however you may not use any constants or the symbol '+' // anywhere in your solution. This means that // // return x - (-1); // // is not a valid soltion, because it uses the constant -1. // // Hint: Consider what internally happens when you do -x. int plus_one(int x) { return x; } // Task 2 // For this function, you must build a string that when printed, // will output the entire binary representation of the integer x, // no matter how many bits an integer is. You may NOT use // division (/) or mod (%) anywhere in your code, and should // instead rely on bitwise operations to read the underlying binary // representation of x. stringbuilder get_bin_1(int x) { stringbuilder sb = new_sb(); sb_append(sb, '$'); return sb; } // Task 3 // For this function, you must return the largest power of 2 that // is less than or equal to x (which will be positive). You may // not use multiplication or some sort of power function to do this, // and should instead rely on bitwise operations and the underlying // binary representation of x. If x is 0, then you should return 0. unsigned largest_po2_le(unsigned x) { return x; } // Task 4 // For this function, you must build a string that when printed, // will output the binary representation of the integer x without // leading zeroes, using a similar method as you did above. If x // is negative, then the string should start with '-' and be // followed by the binary for the positive version of the number. // So if x is -5, then the string should be '-101', and // if x is 9, then the string should be '1001'. The same // restrictions from Task 2 apply. // // Hint: It may be useful to use the function from Task 3, and // borrow concepts from Task 2. stringbuilder get_bin_2(int x) { stringbuilder sb = new_sb(); sb_append(sb, '$'); return sb; } /************************************************* * * * DO NOT MODIFY THE CODE BELOW FOR SUBMISSION * * * *************************************************/ // If this code is discovered to be maliciously modified // at grading (e.g. making it always output 'TESTS PASSED'), // you will recieve a 0 for the assignment. // You may read this code if you want, but it is not necessary // for the assignment int task_1_check(int x) { return x + 1; } stringbuilder task_2_check(int x) { stringbuilder sb = new_sb(); unsigned divisor = INT_MIN; while (divisor > 0) { if ((x / divisor) > 0) sb_append(sb, '1'); else sb_append(sb, '0'); x %= divisor; divisor /= 2; } return sb; } unsigned task_3_check(unsigned x) { unsigned lpo2 = 0; unsigned po2 = 1; while (po2 <= x) { lpo2 = po2; po2 = 2*po2; } return lpo2; } stringbuilder task_4_check(int x) { stringbuilder sb = new_sb(); if (x < 0) { sb_append(sb, '-'); x = -x; } unsigned divisor = largest_po2_le(x); if (divisor == 0) { sb_append(sb, '0'); return sb; } while (divisor > 0) { if ((x / divisor) > 0) sb_append(sb, '1'); else sb_append(sb, '0'); x %= divisor; divisor /= 2; } return sb; } int main(void) { int x; printf("Input a number (1234 to exit): "); scanf("%d", &x); while (x != 1234) { // Task 1 int task_1_ans = task_1_check(x); int task_1 = plus_one(x); printf(" "); if (task_1 != task_1_ans) printf("FAILED"); else printf("PASSED"); printf(": PLUS ONE (Task 1) "); printf("Expected: %d ", task_1_ans); printf(" Got: %d ", task_1); // Task 2 stringbuilder task_2_ans = task_2_check(x); stringbuilder task_2 = get_bin_1(x); printf(" "); if (!sb_is_equal(task_2, task_2_ans)) printf("FAILED"); else printf("PASSED"); printf(": GET BINARY 1 (Task 2) "); printf("Expected: \"%s\" ", *task_2_ans.cars); printf(" Got: \"%s\" ", *task_2.cars); delete_sb(task_2_ans); delete_sb(task_2); // Task 3 printf(" "); if (x >= 0) { int task_3_ans = task_3_check(x); int task_3 = largest_po2_le(x); if (task_3 != task_3_ans) printf("FAILED"); else printf("PASSED"); printf(": LARGEST PO2 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO (Task 3) "); printf("Expected: %u ", task_3_ans); printf(" Got: %u ", task_3); } else { printf("SKIPPED: LARGEST PO2 LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO (Task 3) "); printf("\tNumber input was negative. "); } // Task 4 stringbuilder task_4_ans = task_4_check(x); stringbuilder task_4 = get_bin_2(x); printf(" "); if (!sb_is_equal(task_4, task_4_ans)) printf("FAILED"); else printf("PASSED"); printf(": GET BINARY 2 (Task 4) "); printf("Expected: \"%s\" ", *task_4_ans.cars); printf(" Got: \"%s\" ", *task_4.cars); delete_sb(task_4_ans); delete_sb(task_4); printf(" "); printf("Input a number (1234 to exit): "); scanf("%d", &x); } }