Income Statements under Absorption Costing and Variable Costing

Gallatin County Motors Inc. assembles and sells snowmobile engines. The company began operations on July 1 and operated at 100% of capacity during the first month. The following data summarize the results for July:

Sales (12,000 units)		$1,320,000
Production costs (15,000 units):
Direct materials	$610,500
Direct labor	292,500
Variable factory overhead	147,000
Fixed factory overhead	97,500		1,147,500
Selling and administrative expenses:
Variable selling and administrative expenses	$177,900
Fixed selling and administrative expenses	68,900		246,800

If required, round interim per-unit calculations to the nearest cent.

Question Content Area

a. Prepare an income statement according to the absorption costing concept.

Cost of goods soldDirect laborDirect materialsFixed factory overhead costsSales	$- Select -
Cost of goods soldGross profitSalesSelling and administrative expensesVariable factory overhead	- Select -
Direct laborDirect materialsGross profitFixed factory overhead costsSales	$- Select -
Cost of goods soldFixed factory overhead costsSalesSelling and administrative expensesVariable factory overhead	- Select -
Operating incomeLoss from operations	$- Select -

Question Content Area

b. Prepare an income statement according to the variable costing concept.

Contribution marginFixed selling and administrative expensesManufacturing marginSalesVariable selling and administrative expenses		$- Select -
Fixed factory overhead costsFixed selling and administrative expensesManufacturing marginVariable cost of goods soldVariable selling and administrative expenses		- Select -
Contribution marginManufacturing marginSalesVariable cost of goods soldVariable selling and administrative expenses		$- Select -
Fixed factory overhead costsFixed selling and administrative expensesManufacturing marginVariable cost of goods soldVariable selling and administrative expenses		- Select -
Contribution marginFixed selling and administrative expensesManufacturing marginSalesVariable selling and administrative expenses		$- Select -
Fixed costs:
Contribution marginFixed factory overhead costsManufacturing marginSalesVariable cost of goods sold	$- Select -
Fixed selling and administrative expensesManufacturing marginSalesVariable cost of goods soldVariable selling and administrative expenses	- Select -
Contribution marginOperating incomeManufacturing marginSalesTotal fixed costs		- Select -
Operating incomeLoss from operations		$- Select -

Question Content Area

c. What is the reason for the difference in the amount of operating income reported in (a) and (b)?

Under the

absorption costingvariable costing

method, the fixed manufacturing cost included in the cost of goods sold is matched with the revenues. Under

absorption costingvariable costing

, all of the fixed manufacturing cost is deducted in the period in which it is incurred, regardless of the amount of inventory change. Thus, when inventory increases, the

absorption costingvariable costing

income statement will have a higher operating income.

Cost of Goods Manufactured, using Variable Costing and Absorption Costing

On March 31, the end of the first year of operations, Barnard Inc., manufactured 3,800 units and sold 3,300 units. The following income statement was prepared, based on the variable costing concept:

Barnard Inc. Variable Costing Income Statement For the Year Ended March 31, 20Y1
Sales		$924,000
Variable cost of goods sold:
Variable cost of goods manufactured	$509,200
Inventory, March 31	(67,000)
Total variable cost of goods sold		(442,200)
Manufacturing margin		$481,800
Total variable selling and administrative expenses		(112,200)
Contribution margin		$369,600
Fixed costs:
Fixed manufacturing costs	$235,600
Fixed selling and administrative expenses	72,600
Total fixed costs			(308,200)
Operating income		$61,400

Determine the unit cost of goods manufactured, based on (a) the variable costing concept and (b) the absorption costing concept.

Variable costing	$fill in the blank 1
Absorption costing	$fill in the blank 2