Individuals filing federal income tax returns prior to March 31 received an average refund of $1056. Consider the population of "last-minute" filers who mail their tax return during the last five days of the income tax period (typically April 10 to April 15).

A. A researcher suggests that a reason individuals wait until the last five days is that on aver-age these individuals receive lower refunds than do early filers. Develop appro priate hypotheses such that rejection of H0 will support the researcher's contention.

B. For a sample of 400 individuals who filed a tax return between April 10 and 15, the sample mean refund was $910. Based on prior experience, a population standard devia-tion of 5 $1600 may be assumed. What is the p-value?

C. At 5 .05, what is your conclusion?

D. Repeat the preceding hypothesis test using the critical value approach.