Inflation measures the changes in the level of blank in the economy. Demand-pull inflation is caused by a blank shift in the aggregate demand curve, while cost-push inflation is caused by a blank shift of the aggregate supply curve. When the price level is increasing by an extremely high rate, the economy is said to be experiencing blank . Stagflation occurs when the economy is experiencing high inflation, high unemployment, and low blank at the same time. To combat inflation, the government can use contractionary monetary policy which will also lead to blank interest rates. Note, however, that there is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and blank as illustrated by the Philips Curve. Inflation is stable when the unemployment rate is equal to the blank rate of unemployment