Inflation Rates		interest rate		Accumulated inflation
Year	USD CAD	canada	USA	CAN	USA	canada	USA
2012	0.995
2013	1.064	0.92%	1.46%	1.06%	0.68%
2014	1.16	1.92%	1.61%	0.98%	0.56%
2015	1.384	1.13%	0.12%	0.56%	0.79%
2016	1.343	1.41%	1.28%	0.54%	1.37%

a) Nominal effective exchange rate index base year 2012 b) Accumulated real effective exchange rate index based on 2012 c) 1-year forward exchange rate based on purchasing power parity d) 1-year forward exchange rate based on purchasing power parity taking 2012 as the base year e) 1-year forward exchange rate based on interest rate parity (Fppp)