Information on Bowgie Chemicals direct materials costs follows: Actual quantities of direct materials used 31,600 Actual costs of direct materials used $ 144,200 Standard price per unit of direct materials $ 4.36 Flexible budget for direct materials $ 122,900 Bowgie Chemicals has no materials inventories.

Required: a. Prepare a short report for management showing Bowgie Chemicalss direct materials price and efficiency variances. (Indicate the effect of each variance by selecting "F" for favorable, or "U" for unfavorable. If there is no effect, do not select either option.)