Inputs are transformed into outputs of a process through the network of activities, and by the help of the resources and information T Job shop is a process architecture that allows producing small volumes of highly customized products T Process imperfections are a result of waste in a process T Operational frontier refers to the desired positions and product attributes that a company hopes to occupy in the competitive product space F 5 why is a technique through which pilot improvements can be prioritized and applied 5S is a technique for root-cause analysis