Instruction: Attempt ANY FOUR (4) questions. Time Allowed: 2 Hours 30 minutes

Q1a) What is a database schema? How is it different from a database instance? [6.5 Marks]

Q1b) With relevant examples, differentiate between "database" and "database management system". [6 Marks]

Q2a) Describe the concept of transactions in database management systems. What are the ACID properties? [8 Marks]

Q2b) "MySQL is not a database." Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Explain why. [4.5 Marks] 3a) List four (4) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of DBMSs. [7 Marks]

Q3b) Explain the difference between a primary key and a foreign key in a database table with examples. [5.5 Marks] 4) PROGRAMME_Table \begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline ProzCode & ProzDescription & DateCreated & Is Active & DateRetired \\ \hline \end{tabular} stfNT Tapif STATE TABLE \begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline StatelD & StateName \\ \hline \end{tabular}

From the table description above write an SQL statement that will: i. Insert two records into student table. [3.5 Marks] ii. Delete record from programme table where ID is equal to 3 . [3 Marks] iii. Update Course table by changing CourseDescription to "Database Management Systems" WHERE CourseCode is equal to DCE112. [3 Marks] iv. Fetch only male student records from student table. [3 Marks]