Instructions: Peer Responses (125 Words Minimum for Each)

Two informational posts are needed.

Apply the material in an original way on 2 different topics (not your own)

Use Critical thinking to make everyday connections and draw conclusions.

• Consider starting out posts with, "A research article I found said," "Did you know," or "Three things I found interesting were... ."
• Examples: Apply everyday phenomena in terms of the scientific concepts in your research section. Make observations and draw conclusions.
• Tips and Tricks for Remembering and Recalling. Is there a mnemonic device that might help you memorize this information or what helps you understand this?
• Connect the dots. Why is this an important topic for you, your community, society, or the world? How does it relate to other concepts in the text

basically I need to respond each of this post .

post 1

Sensation and perception work together to produce special senses like vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell. But how? Sensation active sensory receptors by using stimulus (an environmental change that triggers a changeset behavior) and perception uses stimulus effect on receptors and make consequential outcome (OpenStax, 1999- 2023).

Vision, hearing, equilibrium, taste, and smell all received signals from either the primary visual cortex, the primary auditory cortex, the primary gustatory cortex etc. To allow us to see, listen, have preference in our food and drinks.

Vision: Primary visual cortex receives signals from the occipital lobe and surround anteriorly by the posterior parietal lobe and the inferior temporal lobe. The inferior temporal lobe is vital for us to remember faces and objects (Saladin, 2023, pp519).

Hearing: Primary auditory cortex receives signals from superior region of the temporal lobe and the nearby insula. You might now ask yourself how you can recognize familiar words, music, voice, it is because of the temporal lobe inferior to the primary auditory cortex and the lateral sulcus (Saladin,2023, pp519).

Equilibrium: The cerebellum and several brainstem nuclei receive signals from the inner ear. The consciousness of our body movements and orientation depends on the roof of the lateral sulcus and the lower end of the central sulcus (Saladin, 2023, pp519).

Taste and Smell: Primary gustatory cortex receives signals from the inferior end of the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe and the anterior region of the insula. Primary olfactory cortex receives signals from the medial cortex of the temporal lobe and inferior cortex of the frontal lobe. The orbitofrontal cortex helps us taste and smell (Saladin, 2023, pp519).

Critical Thinking

Studying anatomy and physiology can seem a lot to remember but it can also be remarkably interesting. Understanding how every single part of our body functions is very heartwarming. Like I always say health is a priceless gift; a human part might look small and insignificant but when it stops working properly, we suddenly see how important that little part was.

post 2

"Reflexes are quick, involuntary, stereotyped reactions of glands or muscles to stimulation." (Saladin, 2024). A sensory receptor detects a stimulus (touch, stretch, or pain). Testing a reflex typically involves a simple procedure:

Select a reflex point: Identify a specific point on the body associated with the reflex you want to test. Common reflexes include the knee jerk reflex (patellar reflex) or the elbow jerk (triceps reflex).

Tap the tendon: Tap the corresponding tendon just below the skin with a reflex hammer. This sudden stretch activates muscle spindles.

Sensory Neuron Activation: The tap activates sensory neurons, which carry the signal to the spinal cord or brainstem.

Interneuron Processing: In the spinal cord, interneurons relay the signal to motor neurons.

Motor Neuron Response: Motor neurons transmit the response signal back to the muscle, causing a quick, involuntary contraction-this is the reflex action.

Effector Organ (Muscle or Gland): The motor neuron signal triggers a response in an effector organ, such as a muscle contracting or a gland releasing a substance.

"Reflex arcs act on an impulse before that impulse reaches the brain." (physio-pedia, 2023). The typical reflex arc involves the sensory neuron, interneuron in the spinal cord, and motor neuron, bypassing higher brain centers for a swift, protective response. There are four types of reflexes: stretch, Golgi tendon, withdrawal, crossed extensor.

Critical Thinking:

This reflex arc allows the body to respond rapidly to potential harm without waiting for input from the brain, highlighting the efficiency of the nervous system in protective response.It is important to note that reflex testing provides information about the integrity of the nervous system but does not require conscious effort from the person being tested. If there are concerns about reflexes, consulting a healthcare professional is advisable for a comprehensive assessment.