Instructions: Please read the following research scenarios and complete the questions below.

Scenario 1: Researchers in child development wanted to know if the type of books that parents read to their children impacted language development. They recruited 50 families to participate by posting advertising flyers for their research study in the maternity wards of 10 local hospitals. Researchers randomly assigned 25 families to read nonfiction books (e.g., Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates, Bad Feminist by Roxanne Gay, An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz, etc.) to their babies, and 25 families to read exclusively fiction books (e.g., Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler, Esperanza Rising by Pam Muoz Ryan, Harry Potter, etc.) to their babies. After 5 years, all children were given the Youth Vocabulary Assessment (scored 0-100) to measure their vocabulary skills.

1. Identify the variables by writing them in the space below, and classify variables accordingly.

Variable	Classification (check only one)	Qualitative vs. Quantitative	Measurement Scale
	IV DV Predictor Criterion	Qualitative Quantitative	Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
	IV DV Predictor	Qualitative Quantitative	Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio

2. What sampling method did researchers use to recruit participants? Identify the method and explain what features of the scenario led you to draw that conclusion.

Written explanation:

3. What research design did researchers use in Scenario 1? Please circle one of the options below and then give a written explanation about the features of the scenario that led you to draw that conclusion.

1. Experimental design
2. Quasi-experimental design
3. Non-experimental design

Written explanation: ____________________________________________________________

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4. How many levels of the independent variable were there in Scenario 1? _____________