Instructions

• The questions below are designed to be answered from using a Monte Carlo approach. If you wish, you may attempt to solve them analytically.
• When using Monte Carlo, make sure to set your sample/simulation size to be large enough such that your results are stable.
• Clickhereto read the free basic rules for 5th Edition D&D. https://media.wizards.com/2018/dnd/downloads/DnD_BasicRules_2018.pdf

Question 1

• An attack will hit if theattack rollis equal to or exceeds the target'sarmor class.
• An attack roll is made by rolling a d20 and adding the appropriateability modifierandproficiency bonus.
• When rolling with advantage, you may roll the d20 twice and take the higher result.
• Rolling a 1 on the die results in an automatic miss and a rolling a 20 on the die results in an automatic hit (regardless of the attack roll's total).

Suppose that a rogue makes an attack roll with her rapier against a bandit with 15 AC fromstealth. She has a Dex mod of +4 and a proficiency bonus of +2.

Note 1: The ability modifier used for a melee weapon attack is Strength, and the ability modifier used for a ranged weapon attack is Dexterity. Weapons that have the finesse or thrown property break this rule.

Note 2: Rapiers have the finesse property.

Attacking from stealth allows the rogue to make the attack roll withadvantage.

Calculate the probability that the rogue's attack will hit the bandit.

Question 2.

Suppose your character, a warlock, has been ambushed in melee by a kobold!

Unfortunately, you are out of spell slots and must use acantripto defend yourself.

You fire off anEldritch Blastat the kobold while in melee. Unfortunately, this means that your attack suffers fromdisadvantage.

For spell attacks, warlocks use their Charisma modifier. Suppose you have a +3 Cha mod and +2 proficiency bonus.

If your attack hits, it deals 1d10 damage. If you roll a 20 on the die (before modifiers), you score acritical hit. You get to roll your damage dice a second time (i.e., you roll anadditional1d10).

Calculate the expected amount of damage dealt to the kobold with 10 AC.