Instructions: There are lots of techniques that we can use to try to calm down or relax when we are feeling anxious or tense. One strategy is deep breathing (see this link for some tips on deep breathing, https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/uz2255(Links to an external site.)). A professor is interested in examining how deep breathing can influence feelings of anxiety. She recruits participants in her class right before the final exam, when their feelings of anxiety would be high. She measures their current levels of anxiety, instructs them to engage in 2 minutes of deep breathing, and then measures their anxiety again after they've completed the breathing. Below are the anxiety levels of each student before and after deep breathing. Your job is to determine if their anxiety levels significantly DECREASE and after deep breathing.

Before Deep Breathing	After Deep Breathing
15	10
10	8
11	5
14	10
12	8
4	3
7	2

Flag question: Question 1

Question 1 0.5 pts

What's the null hypothesis for this research question?

Group of answer choices

Ha: Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing

Ho: Anxiety levels before deep breathing

anxiety levels after deep breathing

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Question 2 0.5 pts

What's the alternative hypothesis for this research question?

Group of answer choices

Ho: Anxiety levels are the same before and after deep breathing

Ha: Anxiety levels are significantly lower after deep breathing

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Question 3 0.5 pts

What's the best statistical test to use to analyze this research question?

Group of answer choices

F statistic

Independent sample t-test

Dependent samples t-test

One way ANOVA

One sample z-test

Correlation coefficient

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Question 4 1 pts

The next step is to compute the test statistic. What is the t-statistic value (make sure you're using the t-test formula for the dependent samples t-test). Round your answer to two decimal places.

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Question 5 2 pts

What are the degrees of freedom?

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Question 6 1 pts

Should you do a one-tailed or two-tailed test here? Think about whether the hypothesis is directional or non-directional!

Group of answer choices

two tailed

one tailed

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Question 7 0.5 pts

What is the critical value?

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Question 8 1 pts

Based on the t-value provided and the critical value, what is your decision about this research study?

Group of answer choices

There is not a significant decrease in anxiety before and after deep breathing.

There is a significant decrease in anxiety after deep breathing

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Question 9 1 pts

Write up your results as you would see them in an APA style write up. Don't forget to include your means and sds for the before and after data! See the powerpoint for examples of how do to this.

p0 words

Flag question: Spacer

For the next two questions, you're going to design a study that uses a dependent samplest-Test design and a study that uses an independent samplest-Test. Be sure to base your two studies on the same general topic (in other words, apply the same research question to a study where you would use an independent samples t-test design and a study where you would use a dependent samples t test design).

Flag question: Question 10

Question 10 1 pts

What's your independent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea. It should be very clear why your example is an appropriate example for an independentsamples t-test design.

p0 words

Flag question: Question 11

Question 11 1 pts

What's your dependent samples t-test study? Tell me your IV and how you would manipulate the IV, and your DV. This needs to be your own original study idea (and it needs to be the same general topic as your independent samples t-test study).It should be very clear why your example is an appropriate example for a dependent samples t-test design.

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