Investors are willing to make investments because they expect a return from doing so. As the name suggests, expected returns are not assured. Because they occur in the future, expected returns cannot be observed either, so stock analysts substitute historical realized returns in their mathematical analyses. Realized return is the name for returns that have actually been earned. Many analysts use past realized returns to both predict future performance and to estimate the riskiness of the asset. Realized returns on Green Hamster Manufacturing Inc. are given in the following table: 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Stock Return 9.38% 5.60% 8.47% 17.50% 4.55% The average realized return on Green Hamster Manufacturing Inc.'s stock from 2013 to 2017 was