Investors buying a bear put spread...

a.

effectively sell a put option at a lower strike price and buy another put option at a higher strike price on the same underlying asset.

b.

None of the statements about buying a bear put spread is true.

c.

incur a negative cash outflow at the start of the strategy since the bought leg is more costly than the sold leg.

d.

hold a bearish view that the asset price is likely to decrease in the future.

e.

All of the statements about buying a bear put spread are true.