it is a singel question . so ans them all properly , ther is semmiler quesion in cheeg but they r not same , value is different , so don"t copy pest from there otherwise i will complain .

1. Suppose, we have a direct cache with a size of 16 blocks and each block can hold 1 word and the memory address is 32-bit and is initially empty. Now below is a list the 32-bit memory addresses that the processor wants to access provided in decimal: 2, 3, 170, 45, 7,196, 189, 191, 215,172, 45, 187, 254 Now answer the following questions: A. For each of these references, identify the binary address, the tag, and the index given a direct-mapped cache with 16 one-word blocks. Also mention if each reference is a hit or a miss, assuming the cache is initially empty. Show all the accesses in a tabular manner where the table contains index, valid bit, tag field and data field. [7 Marks] B. Calculate the Hit Ratio and Miss Ratio for provided memory access. [2 Marks] C. Calculate the total number of bits required for the cache listed above, assuming a 32-bit address. [1.5 Mark] D. Calculate the size of the cache. [1.5 Marks]