It is the end of 2020. Goldberg All - Fixed Corporation began operations in January 2019. The company is so named because it has no variable costs. All its costs are fixed; they do not vary with output. Goldberg All - Fixed Corp. is located on the bank of a river and has its own hydroelectric plant to supply power, light, and heat. The company manufactures a synthetic fertilizer from air and river water and sells its product at a price that is not expected to change. It has a small staff of employees, all paid fixed annual salaries. The output of the plant can be increased or decreased by pressing a few buttons on a keyboard. The following budgeted and actual data are for the operations of Goldberg All - Fixed. (Click the icon to view the budgeted and actual data.) Read the requirements. Now prepare the (b) absorption costing income statement for 2019, 2020, and the 2 year total. (Enter a "0" for any $0 balances. Use parentheses or a minus sign for an operating loss. Label each variance as favorable (F) or unfavorable (U). Use units of production as the denominator level in the allocation rate.) Revenue Cost of goods sold Beginning inventory Allocated fixed manufacturing costs Deduct ending inventory Adjustment for production-volume variance Total cost of goods sold Gross margin Operating costs Operating income (loss) 2019 $ 2,640,000 2020 2640000 1050000 2,100,000 2100000 (1,050,000) 0 1,050,000 1,590,000 100,000 1,490,000 Data table The company uses budgeted production as the denominator level and writes off any production-volume variance to cost of goods sold. Sales Production Selling price Costs (all fixed): Manufacturing 2019 2020a 30,000 tons 30,000 tons 60,000 tons 0 tons $88 per ton $88 per ton $2,100,000 $2,100,000 Operating (nonmanufacturing) $100,000 $100,000 a Management adopted the policy, effective January 1, 2020, of producing only as much product as needed to fill sales orders. During 2020, sales were the same as for 2019 and were filled entirely from inventory at the start of 2020. Requirements 1. Prepare income statements with one column for 2019, one column for 2020, and one column for the 2 years together using (a) variable costing and (b) absorption costing. 2. What is the breakeven point under (a) variable costing and (b) absorption costing? 3. What inventory costs would be carried in the balance sheet on December 31, 2019 and 2020, under each method? 4. Assume that the performance of the top manager of Goldberg All - Fixed is evaluated and rewarded largely on the basis of reported operating income. Which costing method would the manager prefer? Why?