J. Ross and Sons Inc. has a target capital structure that calls for 40 percent debt, 10 percent preferred stock, and 50 percent common equity. The firm's current aftertax cost of debt is 6 percent, and it can sell as much debt as it wishes at this rate. The firm's preferred stock currently sells for $90 per share and pays a dividend of $10 per share; however, the firm will net only $80 per share from the sale of new preferred stock. Ross's common stock currently sells for $40 per share. The firm recently paid a dividend of $2 per share on its common stock, and investors expect the dividend to grow indefinitely at a constant rate of 10 percent per year.

24. The cost of common stock equity may be estimated by using the

A. Gordon model.

B. net present value method.

C. yield curve.

D. DuPont analysis.