Jack, age 30 and married with no dependents, is a self-employed individual. For 2019, his self-employed business sustained a net loss from operations of $10,000 from operations. The following additional information was obtained from his personal records for the year:

Nonbusiness long-term capital gain $ 2,000

Interest income 6,000

Itemized deductionsconsisting of taxes and interest (26,000)

Based on this information, what is Jack's net operating loss for 2019 if he and his spouse file a joint return?

a. ($2,000)

b. ($28,000)

c. ($25,000)

d. ($8,000)

e. ($10,000)