Jack grew up in a family with financial difficulties. Therefore, Jack was unable to buy a laptop, which would have been very helpful in completing assignments during his college years. Jack started a company that focused on developing an affordable laptop for college students. This strategic choice led to the financial success of the company. Which of the following does this example demonstrate?

a$.$

dominant strategic planning

b$.$

Level$-5$ leadership pyramid

c$.$

upper$-$echelons theory

d$.$

scenario planning