Jackie is standing at a quiet bus stop, waiting for an east-bound bus. Shauna is on the other side of the street, running to catch the west-bound bus, which is just starting to pull away from the curb. The bus driver keeps the door open and beckons for Shauna to jump onto the slowly moving bus. As she jumps from the curb to the bus, Shauna drops the bundle of newspapers she is carrying. Wrapped inside the newspapers is, unbeknownst to anyone but Shauna, a live hornet's nest. When the newspapers hit the ground, the hornets start swarming everywhere. They fly across the street and sting Jackie no less than 20 times. Jackie sues the bus company, alleging negligence. If she is to prevail, she must prove all of the following, EXCEPT: That Jackie was injured. That the bus company's actions caused Jackie's injuries. The bus company knew Shauna was carrying hornets. The bus company had a duty to keep patrons safe. Kit is at a crowded nightclub. She goes to the bar and gets a drink. While walking back to her friends, another patron, Michael, appeared from out of nowhere, yelled "Thank you!" and grabbed the drink out of her hand. He took a big swallow, laughed and handed the drink back to her. Kit is upset about Michael's actions. If Kit wants to bring a lawsuit against Michael, her best chance to be awarded damages will be to sue for: She does not have a cause of action because Michael touched her drink, not her. Assault, because Michael's actions were weird and unsanitary. Battery, because Michael's touch was objectively offensive. False imprisonment, because when Michael took her drink she couldn't leave. Gregory is an electrician who coaches amateur water polo in his spare time. Gregory lives off the salary from his electrical work, but he earns a little money coaching the team. The water polo team is excellent, but attracts barely any attention in a city dominated by professional football and basketball. Gregory's contract is about to expire. It is expected that he and the team's owners will negotiate a new deal and Gregory will keep his job. Claude is the best player on the water polo team. To the extent the team has fans, they come to see Claude. Fans cannot recognize anyone else affiliated with the team but Claude is popular. However, due to a combination of bad attitude and poor work ethic, he was given very little playing time during an important recent game. In fact, Gregory almost kicked Claude off the team. Upset about what he considered mistreatment, Claude met with the team's owners. He told them that many years prior when Gregory was in college, Gregory had kicked his then girlfriend (now wife) during a drunken argument. Gregory denied the incident, but the owners allowed Gregory's contract to expire and did not negotiate a new deal. Gregory sues Claude for defamation. In order to prevail, Gregory must: Prove actual malice, as Claude is a public figure. Prove economic loss in addition to the usual elements of defamation. Prove only the usual elements of defamation, nothing extra. Prove libel. Prove that the owners told at least one other person