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Jane wants to find out whether people are more reciprocal when emotional. To do this, she runs the trust game experiment, focusing on the
Jane wants to find out whether people are more reciprocal when emotional. To do this, she runs the trust game experiment, focusing on the behaviour of the receiver. She conducts this experiment in Hobart with three groups: A, B and C. In all groups, subjects in the role of the receiver are told that they have been matched with an anonymous sender who participated in an earlier session. They are asked to indicate, for every possible amount received from the sender, how much they want to send back. In other words, the strategy or "cold" method. Unbeknownst to the participants, there is actually no sender. Jane randomly generates an amount sent for every receiver and then keeps any amount that is sent back. However, any amount kept by the receiver is actually paid to them for real. In groups B and C, before making these decisions, they first watch 10 minutes of a movie clip. In group B, participants watched a clip from "Oshin" a Japanese tearjerker, which Jane believed would elicit the emotion of sadness. In group C, they watched a clip from "Pretty Woman", an American romantic comedy, which Jane believed would elicit the emotion of happiness. Group A, the control group, watched a 15-minute documentary about Tasmania, which Jane believed would not elicit any emotion. Jane's hypotheses are: (1) compared to Group A, Group B would send less back, because sadness reduces reciprocity; and (2) compared to Group A, Group B would send more back, because happiness increases reciprocity. Jane recruits two research assistants to help her run the experimental sessions, Meg and Tim. Tim is rather awkward and unfriendly, whereas Meg is bubbly and friendly. Jane puts Tim in charge of Group B and Meg of Group C, while she takes charge of Group A herself. Meg, being a helpful person, recruits some of her girlfriends to participate to her session. Besides, she knows that they love the movie "Pretty Woman". Because Jane is an Economics major, she recruits many of her classmates to come to her session. The results from the experiment goes as predicted by Jane: compared to Group A, reciprocity is significantly lower in Group B and significantly higher in Group C. How much confidence do you have in her results? Discuss.
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