Jerome wanted to sell his used 2009 Dodge Neon. He knew that there was a problem with the transmission (it made a loud knocking noise every time he shifted), and after getting it checked by a mechanic, he was told that it would cost $1,000 to repair the transmission to fix the problem. Jerome knew that with the age and mileage of his car, he could not hope to sell it for more than $1,500, and he did not want to stick another $1,000 into the car. Before showing the car to Alice, a prospective buyer, he put sawdust in the transmission to deaden the sound. Alice took the car for a test drive, was apparently satisfied with the vehicle