Jessica is a college freshman at Party State University, a public college. One night, Jessica and her sorority sisters attend a party at ABC House, an officially sanctioned fraternity located on Party State's campus. When they arrive, they see kegs of beer, and many partygoers are already intoxicated. Jessica asks one of the guests where she can find a soft drink, and he directs her to a back room. When Jessica turns her back, two obviously drunk ABC fraternity brothers lock the door and rape her. Jessica is physically injured and emotionally devastated. Her sorority sisters immediately take her to the campus police station. The campus police officer on duty that night, a former ABC brother, advises Jessica to go home. He accuses her of making up the rape, saying that she has no eyewitness to corroborate her story. Feeling hopeless and humiliated, Jessica drops out of college. Three months later, another college student, Maria, is raped by the same two ABC brothers at a frat party. Maria is so badly injured she ends up in the emergency room. Maria reports her rape to the State Police. The two ABC fraternity brothers are criminally prosecuted, convicted, and go to jail. Party State University disciplines the campus police officer and fines ABC House. Unsatisfied with this outcome, Jessica and Maria plan to sue the University and the fraternity brothers in civil court. 

1. Do you believe Party State University was negligent and should be held legally responsible for what happened to Jessica and Maria? Give your reasons. 

2. Did Party State University, as a government institution, have any duty to respect, pro-tect, and fulfill Jessica's rights? Maria's rights? Explain. 

3. What actions could Party State take to prevent this kind of thing from happening to other students in the future?