Jimmy is a schoolteacher and works in a public school where there is a teachers union that engages in collective-bargaining. Jimmy does not want to pay Union dues and decides not to join the union. Jimmy disagrees with certain contractual provisions negotiated in collective-bargaining. Jimmy files a lawsuit demanding that he not be down to union negotiated provisions. O Jimmy loses if he can prove that the contractual provisions are not favorable to him Jimmy loses under the laws applicable to collective bargaining O Jimmy wins because he is not part of the union Jimmy wins because he is not part of the union and they must negotiate directly with him