Jinny Buffett recently retired as a flight attendant and is interested in opening a fitness center and health spa exclusively for women in Grand Cayman, where she resides. After careful study, she is somewhat puzzled as to how to proceed. In her words, "I see my business going in one of two directions: Either I open the fitness center and health spa all at once, or I start with the health spa and hold off on the fitness center for a while. Either way, it should be a success because women on this island love to be pampered. My only concern about the fitness center is the initial cost, but if the projections look good enough, I know some investors in Phoenix who can help me get started. In any event, I plan to retire permanently in 14 years." Table 6-4 and Table 6-5. (Use appropriate factor(s) from the tables provided. Round the PV factors to 4 decimals.)
The following information is available:
- Jinny has identified a suitable location for her business in a new shopping center in George Town, capital of the Cayman Islands. The developer has units of 1,750 square feet and 2,500 square feet available and is willing to sell either unit for CI$175 per square foot (CI$1.00 = US$1.25). Alternatively, the space can be leased at a cost of CI$1.80 per square foot per month, on an annual basis.
- Commercial real estate values have more than doubled in Grand Cayman during the past 14 years, with no slowdown in sight. As a result, Jinny is more attracted to the purchase option because she expects the price per square foot to be CI$525 by the time she is ready to sell her unit in 14 years.
- Exercise machines and other equipment necessary to open the fitness center would cost US$43,000. In addition, US$30,000 would need to be invested in equipment related to the health spa. The useful life for all such equipment is 14 years, and the expected salvage value is not large enough to be concerned about.
- In addition, US$8,500 would need to be invested in an inventory of cosmetics and skin care products necessary to operate the health spa. This level of inventory would need to be maintained throughout the 14-year period and will be given away to loyal customers when Jinny retires permanently.
- The health spa can be operated in the 1,750-square-foot unit. Variable operating costs would include CI$0.10 per square foot per month for cleaning and CI$0.40 per square foot per month for utilities. The 2,500-square-foot unit is large enough to operate both the fitness center and health spa, and the CI$0.10 rate per square foot for cleaning would not change. However, if the 2,500-square-foot unit were used, the health spa would be located in an open loft that would need to be air-conditioned at all times. As a result, utility costs are expected to be CI$0.60 per square foot per month under this option.
- Jinny is a certified aesthetician and expects to do most of the makeovers, facials, and peels herself, but she needs a qualified assistant for the health spa. She estimates that hiring an appropriate person will cost US$25,000 per year. Likewise, for the fitness center, two full-time aerobics instructors would be hired for US$20,000 each per year, and a physical trainer would be hired for US$32,000 per year.
- Additional fixed costs include US$3,000 per year for advertising and US$4,400 per year for maintenance, insurance, and other items. These costs will be incurred without respect to the size of operations.
- Annual membership fees to the fitness center will be CI$400, and a preliminary market survey shows a demand of approximately 450 initial members. Although members tend to come and go, the net change in membership from year to year is not expected to be significant. No additional fees will be charged to fitness center members.
- Health spa fees are assessed on a user basis, although the steam room facilities are available at no charge to fitness center members. The net cash inflow from cosmetics and skin care products (after deducting the cost of inventory used and sold) is expected to be CI$7,500 per month.
- Jinny's cost of capital is 12%, and there are no taxes in the Cayman Islands.
- Choose why it might be in Jinny's best interest to lease (rather than purchase) the 1,750-square-foot unit if she initially decides to open the health spa only. Although no calculations are required, you should consider both quantitative and qualitative factors in your response.
TABLE 6.4 FACTORS FOR CALCULATING THE PRESENT VALUE OF $1 Discount Rate No. of Periods 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 1 2 3 0.980 0.961 0.942 0.924 0.906 0.9615 0.9246 0.8890 0.8548 0.8219 0.9434 0.8900 0.8396 0.7921 0.7473 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 0.7350 0.6806 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830 0.6209 0.8929 0.7972 0.7118 0.6355 0.5674 0.8772 0.7695 0.6750 0.5921 0.5194 0.8621 0.7432 0.6407 0.5523 0.4761 0.8475 0.7182 0.6086 0.5158 0.4371 0.8333 0.6944 0.5787 0.4823 0.4019 4 5 CON 0.888 0.871 0.7903 0.7599 0.7307 0.7026 0.6756 0.7050 0.6651 0.6274 0.5919 0.5584 0.6302 0.5835 0.5403 0.5002 0.4632 0.853 0.837 0.820 0.5645 0.5132 0.4665 0.4241 0.3855 0.5066 0.4523 0.4039 0.3606 0.3220 0.4556 0.3996 0.3506 0.3075 0.2697 0.4104 0.3538 0.3050 0.2630 0.3704 0.3139 0.2660 0.2255 0.3349 0.2791 0.2326 0.1938 0.1615 9 10 0.2267 0.1911 11 12 13 0.804 0.788 0.773 0.758 0.743 0.6496 0.6246 0.6006 0.5775 0.5553 0.5268 0.4970 0.4688 0.4423 0.4173 0.4289 0.3971 0.3677 0.3405 0.3152 0.3505 0.3186 0.2897 0.2633 0.2394 0.2875 0.2567 0.2292 0.2046 0.1827 0.2366 0.2076 0.1821 0.1597 0.1401 0.1954 0.1685 0.1452 0.1252 0.1079 0.1619 0.1372 0.1163 0.0985 0.0835 0.1346 0.1122 0.0935 0.0779 0.0649 14 15 16 0.728 0.714 17 18 0.5339 0.5134 0.4936 0.4746 0.4564 0.700 0.686 0.673 0.3936 0.3714 0.3503 0.3305 0.3118 0.2919 0.2703 0.2502 0.2317 0.2145 0.2176 0.1978 0.1799 0.1635 0.1486 0.1631 0.1456 0.1300 0.1161 0.1037 0.1229 0.1078 0.0946 0.0829 0.0728 0.0930 0.0802 0.0691 0.0596 0.0514 0.0708 0.0600 0.0508 0.0431 0.0365 0.0541 0.0451 0.0376 0.0313 0.0261 19 20 21 0.660 0.647 22 0.2942 0.2775 0.2618 23 0.4388 0.4220 0.4057 0.3901 0.3751 0.634 0.622 0.610 0.1987 0.1839 0.1703 0.1577 0.1460 0.1351 0.1228 0.1117 0.1015 0.0923 0.0926 0.0826 0.0738 0.0659 0.0588 0.0638 0.0560 0.0491 0.0431 0.0378 0.0443 0.0382 0.0329 0.0284 0.0245 0.0309 0.0262 0.0222 0.0188 0.0160 0.0217 0.0181 0.0151 0.0126 0.0105 24 25 0.2470 0.2330 30 0.3083 0.2534 35 40 0.552 0.500 0.453 0.410 0.372 0.1741 0.1301 0.0972 0.0727 0.0543 0.2083 0.1712 0.1407 0.0994 0.0676 0.0460 0.0313 0.0213 0.0573 0.0356 0.0221 0.0137 0.0085 0.0334 0.0189 0.0107 0.0061 0.0035 0.0196 0.0102 0.0053 0.0027 0.0014 0.0116 0.0055 0.0026 0.0013 0.0006 0.0070 0.0030 0.0013 0.0006 0.0003 0.0042 0.0017 0.0007 0.0003 0.0001 45 50 TABLE 6.5 FACTORS FOR CALCULATING THE PRESENT VALUE OF AN ANNUITY OF $1 Discount Rate No. of Periods 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 1 2 3 0.980 1.942 2.884 3.808 4.713 0.9615 1.8861 2.7751 3.6299 4.4518 0.9434 1.8334 2.6730 3.4651 4.2124 0.9259 1.7833 2.5771 3.3121 3.9927 0.9091 1.7355 2.4869 3.1699 3.7908 0.8929 1.6901 2.4018 3.0373 3.6048 0.8772 1.6467 2.3216 2.9137 3.4331 0.8621 1.6052 2.2459 2.7982 3.2743 0.8475 1.5656 2.1743 2.6901 3.1272 0.8333 1.5278 2.1065 2.5887 2.9906 4 5 6 7 8 5.601 6.472 7.325 8.162 8.983 5.2421 6.0021 6.7327 7.4353 8.1109 4.9173 5.5824 6.2098 6.8017 7.3601 4.6229 5.2064 5.7466 6.2469 6.7101 4.3553 4.8684 5.3349 5.7590 6.1446 4.1114 4.5638 4.9676 5.3282 5.6502 3.8887 4.2883 4.6389 4.9464 5.2161 3.6847 4.0386 4.3436 4.6065 4.8332 3.4976 3.8115 4.0776 4.3030 4.4941 3.3255 3.6046 3.8372 4.0310 4.1925 9 10 11 12 13 9.787 10.575 11.348 12.106 12.849 8.7605 9.3851 9.9856 10.5631 11.1184 7.8869 8.3838 8.8527 9.2950 9.7122 7.1390 7.5361 7.9038 8.2442 8.5595 6.4951 6.8137 7.1034 7.3667 7.6061 5.9377 6.1944 6.4235 6.6282 6.8109 5.4527 5.6603 5.8424 6.0021 6.1422 5.0286 5.1971 5.3423 5.4675 5.5755 4.6560 4.7932 4.9095 5.0081 5.0916 4.3271 4.4392 4.5327 4.6106 4.6755 14 15 16 17 18 13.578 14.292 14.992 15.678 16.351 11.6523 10.1059 12.1657 10.4773 12.6593 10.8276 13.1339 11.1581 13.5903 11.4699 8.8514 9.1216 9.3719 9.6036 9.8181 7.8237 8.0216 8.2014 8.3649 8.5136 6.9740 7.1196 7.2497 7.3658 7.4694 6.2651 6.3729 6.4674 6.5504 6.6231 5.6685 5.7487 5.8178 5.8775 5.9288 5.1624 5.2223 5.2732 5.3162 5.3527 4.7296 4.7746 4.8122 4.8435 4.8696 19 20 21 6.6870 6.7429 22 23 17.011 17.658 18.292 18.914 19.523 14.0292 11.7641 14.4511 12.0416 14.8568 12.3034 15.2470 12.5504 15.6221 12.7834 10.0168 10.2007 10.3711 10.5288 10.6748 8.6487 8.7715 8.8832 8.9847 9.0770 7.5620 7.6446 7.7184 7.7843 7.8431 5.9731 6.0113 6.0442 6.0726 6.0971 6.7921 6.8351 6.8729 5.3837 5.4099 5.4321 5.4509 5.4669 4.8913 4.9094 4.9245 4.9371 4.9476 24 25 30 35 40 45 22.396 24.999 27.355 29.490 31.424 17.2920 13.7648 18.6646 14.4982 19.7928 15.0463 20.7200 15.4558 21.4822 15.7619 11.2578 11.6546 11.9246 12.1084 12.2335 9.4269 9.6442 9.7791 9.8628 9.9148 8.0552 8.1755 8.2438 8.2825 8.3045 7.0027 7.0700 7.1050 7.1232 7.1327 6.1772 6.2153 6.2335 6.2421 6.2463 5.5168 5.5386 5.5482 5.5523 5.5541 4.9789 4.9915 4.9966 4.9986 4.9995 50 TABLE 6.4 FACTORS FOR CALCULATING THE PRESENT VALUE OF $1 Discount Rate No. of Periods 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 1 2 3 0.980 0.961 0.942 0.924 0.906 0.9615 0.9246 0.8890 0.8548 0.8219 0.9434 0.8900 0.8396 0.7921 0.7473 0.9259 0.8573 0.7938 0.7350 0.6806 0.9091 0.8264 0.7513 0.6830 0.6209 0.8929 0.7972 0.7118 0.6355 0.5674 0.8772 0.7695 0.6750 0.5921 0.5194 0.8621 0.7432 0.6407 0.5523 0.4761 0.8475 0.7182 0.6086 0.5158 0.4371 0.8333 0.6944 0.5787 0.4823 0.4019 4 5 CON 0.888 0.871 0.7903 0.7599 0.7307 0.7026 0.6756 0.7050 0.6651 0.6274 0.5919 0.5584 0.6302 0.5835 0.5403 0.5002 0.4632 0.853 0.837 0.820 0.5645 0.5132 0.4665 0.4241 0.3855 0.5066 0.4523 0.4039 0.3606 0.3220 0.4556 0.3996 0.3506 0.3075 0.2697 0.4104 0.3538 0.3050 0.2630 0.3704 0.3139 0.2660 0.2255 0.3349 0.2791 0.2326 0.1938 0.1615 9 10 0.2267 0.1911 11 12 13 0.804 0.788 0.773 0.758 0.743 0.6496 0.6246 0.6006 0.5775 0.5553 0.5268 0.4970 0.4688 0.4423 0.4173 0.4289 0.3971 0.3677 0.3405 0.3152 0.3505 0.3186 0.2897 0.2633 0.2394 0.2875 0.2567 0.2292 0.2046 0.1827 0.2366 0.2076 0.1821 0.1597 0.1401 0.1954 0.1685 0.1452 0.1252 0.1079 0.1619 0.1372 0.1163 0.0985 0.0835 0.1346 0.1122 0.0935 0.0779 0.0649 14 15 16 0.728 0.714 17 18 0.5339 0.5134 0.4936 0.4746 0.4564 0.700 0.686 0.673 0.3936 0.3714 0.3503 0.3305 0.3118 0.2919 0.2703 0.2502 0.2317 0.2145 0.2176 0.1978 0.1799 0.1635 0.1486 0.1631 0.1456 0.1300 0.1161 0.1037 0.1229 0.1078 0.0946 0.0829 0.0728 0.0930 0.0802 0.0691 0.0596 0.0514 0.0708 0.0600 0.0508 0.0431 0.0365 0.0541 0.0451 0.0376 0.0313 0.0261 19 20 21 0.660 0.647 22 0.2942 0.2775 0.2618 23 0.4388 0.4220 0.4057 0.3901 0.3751 0.634 0.622 0.610 0.1987 0.1839 0.1703 0.1577 0.1460 0.1351 0.1228 0.1117 0.1015 0.0923 0.0926 0.0826 0.0738 0.0659 0.0588 0.0638 0.0560 0.0491 0.0431 0.0378 0.0443 0.0382 0.0329 0.0284 0.0245 0.0309 0.0262 0.0222 0.0188 0.0160 0.0217 0.0181 0.0151 0.0126 0.0105 24 25 0.2470 0.2330 30 0.3083 0.2534 35 40 0.552 0.500 0.453 0.410 0.372 0.1741 0.1301 0.0972 0.0727 0.0543 0.2083 0.1712 0.1407 0.0994 0.0676 0.0460 0.0313 0.0213 0.0573 0.0356 0.0221 0.0137 0.0085 0.0334 0.0189 0.0107 0.0061 0.0035 0.0196 0.0102 0.0053 0.0027 0.0014 0.0116 0.0055 0.0026 0.0013 0.0006 0.0070 0.0030 0.0013 0.0006 0.0003 0.0042 0.0017 0.0007 0.0003 0.0001 45 50 TABLE 6.5 FACTORS FOR CALCULATING THE PRESENT VALUE OF AN ANNUITY OF $1 Discount Rate No. of Periods 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% 1 2 3 0.980 1.942 2.884 3.808 4.713 0.9615 1.8861 2.7751 3.6299 4.4518 0.9434 1.8334 2.6730 3.4651 4.2124 0.9259 1.7833 2.5771 3.3121 3.9927 0.9091 1.7355 2.4869 3.1699 3.7908 0.8929 1.6901 2.4018 3.0373 3.6048 0.8772 1.6467 2.3216 2.9137 3.4331 0.8621 1.6052 2.2459 2.7982 3.2743 0.8475 1.5656 2.1743 2.6901 3.1272 0.8333 1.5278 2.1065 2.5887 2.9906 4 5 6 7 8 5.601 6.472 7.325 8.162 8.983 5.2421 6.0021 6.7327 7.4353 8.1109 4.9173 5.5824 6.2098 6.8017 7.3601 4.6229 5.2064 5.7466 6.2469 6.7101 4.3553 4.8684 5.3349 5.7590 6.1446 4.1114 4.5638 4.9676 5.3282 5.6502 3.8887 4.2883 4.6389 4.9464 5.2161 3.6847 4.0386 4.3436 4.6065 4.8332 3.4976 3.8115 4.0776 4.3030 4.4941 3.3255 3.6046 3.8372 4.0310 4.1925 9 10 11 12 13 9.787 10.575 11.348 12.106 12.849 8.7605 9.3851 9.9856 10.5631 11.1184 7.8869 8.3838 8.8527 9.2950 9.7122 7.1390 7.5361 7.9038 8.2442 8.5595 6.4951 6.8137 7.1034 7.3667 7.6061 5.9377 6.1944 6.4235 6.6282 6.8109 5.4527 5.6603 5.8424 6.0021 6.1422 5.0286 5.1971 5.3423 5.4675 5.5755 4.6560 4.7932 4.9095 5.0081 5.0916 4.3271 4.4392 4.5327 4.6106 4.6755 14 15 16 17 18 13.578 14.292 14.992 15.678 16.351 11.6523 10.1059 12.1657 10.4773 12.6593 10.8276 13.1339 11.1581 13.5903 11.4699 8.8514 9.1216 9.3719 9.6036 9.8181 7.8237 8.0216 8.2014 8.3649 8.5136 6.9740 7.1196 7.2497 7.3658 7.4694 6.2651 6.3729 6.4674 6.5504 6.6231 5.6685 5.7487 5.8178 5.8775 5.9288 5.1624 5.2223 5.2732 5.3162 5.3527 4.7296 4.7746 4.8122 4.8435 4.8696 19 20 21 6.6870 6.7429 22 23 17.011 17.658 18.292 18.914 19.523 14.0292 11.7641 14.4511 12.0416 14.8568 12.3034 15.2470 12.5504 15.6221 12.7834 10.0168 10.2007 10.3711 10.5288 10.6748 8.6487 8.7715 8.8832 8.9847 9.0770 7.5620 7.6446 7.7184 7.7843 7.8431 5.9731 6.0113 6.0442 6.0726 6.0971 6.7921 6.8351 6.8729 5.3837 5.4099 5.4321 5.4509 5.4669 4.8913 4.9094 4.9245 4.9371 4.9476 24 25 30 35 40 45 22.396 24.999 27.355 29.490 31.424 17.2920 13.7648 18.6646 14.4982 19.7928 15.0463 20.7200 15.4558 21.4822 15.7619 11.2578 11.6546 11.9246 12.1084 12.2335 9.4269 9.6442 9.7791 9.8628 9.9148 8.0552 8.1755 8.2438 8.2825 8.3045 7.0027 7.0700 7.1050 7.1232 7.1327 6.1772 6.2153 6.2335 6.2421 6.2463 5.5168 5.5386 5.5482 5.5523 5.5541 4.9789 4.9915 4.9966 4.9986 4.9995 50
