JIT AND INVENTORY

"After spending the last two decades building amenity-filled campuses that maximize the collisionability of talent and ideas while enticing their workers to stay in the office for as much time as they can, Covid-19 has shown these leading-edge technology companies that their workers can be just as productive or in some cases, even more so when they stay at home.[1]"Harvard Business Review

The Madake Eco Office Company (MEO) makes ergonomic office furniture out of bamboo lumber. Due to the recent COVID pandemic, the company has seen a rise in demand for their furniture for the home office user. Oliver Chiu, owner and CEO of the company expects the current level of demand will hold steady for the next five years as he learns more corporations are moving to the remote work model where employees work from home.

MEO manufactures their eco-friendly furniture at its plant in Aldergrove, BC. To prepare for both the short term and the future, Oliver wants to review current plant operations and explore ways in which the company can become more efficient. He has hired you, as consultant, to assess the company's manufacturing and inventory practices and provide recommendations.

Current situation:

To assist with your analysis, Oliver asked his cost accountant to summarize some of the key financial figures relating to inventory:

Bamboo is the major direct material used in the production of the furniture. It makes up 80% of the inventory value. Annual requirements for bamboo are 122,544 kilograms. It is purchased by the kilogram at an average cost of $1.20 per kg.

Bamboo is ordered on a monthly basis from Exquisite Hardwoods, a local importer of specialty hardwoods. MEO works with a purchasing agent who contracts with MEO to order in the bamboo. The agent, who works away from MEO's office, writes up the order on a paper document, faxes it to the supplier and follows up via phone to ensure the order is filled. She charges $450 per order. This is the only order cost incurred.

Annual costs of warehouse leasing, insurance, utilities, and management are $8.80 per kilogram of bamboo.

Proposed JIT:

Oliver is also considering the installation of a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing system to reduce MEO's costs and be responsive to demand. He has already consulted with an industrial engineer to learn more about how to rearrange the shop floor to create a lean manufacturing environment. Costs and resulting benefits of implementing JIT (excluding inventory carrying and ordering costs) are as follows:

One-time cost to rearrange the shop floor to create manufacturing workstations is $475,000

Retrain existing workforce for the JIT required skills is $60,000

Anticipated defect reduction is 40%. Currently there is a cost of quality defect assessment listed as $150,000 per year. This is considered to be an internal failure cost.

MEO manufactures its products using a batch process. The setup time for each of the batches will be reduced by 40% under a JIT system. Current annual setup costs are $350,000.

A 16% premium on production supplies will be charged as supplies will be delivered on a more frequent schedule. Currently production supplies are $520,000 per year.

For both the existing and proposed systems MEO's opportunity cost is 15%.

Required:

a.CURRENT SITUATION: To begin this analysis, you decide to assess the current situation as it relates to MEO's ordering practices and carrying costs. Your initial thought is the company may be able to optimize its order and carrying costs using existing practices.

i.Given current ordering practices, what is the total annual relevant cost of ordering and carrying inventory. (4 marks)

ii.Using Economic Order Quantity, what is the optimal order size (in kilograms) MEO should use to minimize total annual order and carrying costs. (2 marks)

iii.Calculate the savings incurred in ordering using the order quantity calculated in part (ii) (2 marks)

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b.PROPOSED JIT. Oliver informs you the industrial engineer hired to assess MEO's manufacturing system, suggests total inventory carrying costs can be reduced by 50% if inventory is ordered in quantities of 1,332 kilograms.

i.Explain to Oliver the effect this will have on total inventory costs (carrying and ordering) and provide a potential solution to reduce total inventory costs. (Calculations are not required). (3 marks)

ii.Determine whether it is in the best interest of Madake Eco Office to install a JIT manufacturing system.

Focus on:

Relevant manufacturing costs/savings (exclude inventory) and the ability to show a return on the cost. (Remember to identify annual and onetime costs/savings)

The advantage and disadvantage of JIT for MEO (minimum 1 each)

Show all calculations and provide a response to Oliver which includes pertinent figures from your calculations. (5 marks)

Service department cost allocation

J & J Products sources locally grown fruits to produce their famous jams and juices. The company's controller assesses the manager of each department on their ability to control costs. As such, he wants to properly allocate the cost of their 2 major service departments; Janitorial and Human resources to their two production plants, Jam, and Juice.

It should be noted that Janitorial and Human resources also provide services to each other. Janitorial costs are allocated by square metres and Human resources costs are allocated by number of employees. Department costs, along with the square metres each department occupies and the number of employees that worked during August are provided below.

August Data

Janitorial

Human resources

Jam production

Juice production

Budgeted costs

$8,225

$17,940

$31,720

$52,400

Actual costs

$9,140

$18,330

$28,990

$55,250

Number of employees

6

3

14

20

Square metres

3,600

1,590

5,406

8,904

Required:

Allocate the costs of the service departments to the operating department. The resulting schedules will include the total cost of operating the Jam production and Juice production departments for August using the appropriate figures.

Apply the costs using the following methods:

a.Allocate service department costs using the direct method. (3 marks)

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b.Allocate service department costs using the reciprocal method. (5 marks)

The owner of J & J Products, Quy Vo would like your recommendation on whether they should use the Direct or Reciprocal method of support department cost allocation. Back up your recommendation with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of both methods and the reasons for your recommendation. Remember to use pertinent figures from your quantitative analysis. (5