Johannesburg - Shoprites legendary chief executive, Whitey Basson, shocked the markets yesterday when he announced that he planned to retire at the end of December. Basson, whose retirement brings an end to a 45-year career, is expected to be replaced in January by his understudy, Pieter Engelbrecht, 47, who has been with Shoprite for 20 years, the company said at its annual general meeting held in Cape Town yesterday. Basson, who came under fire from organisations for taking home R100 million for the year to June comprising of a R50m basic pay and a one-time R50m performance bonus spearheaded the organic growth of the food retailer. Under his leadership, Shoprite grew into a chain group with a market capitalisation of R114 billion with two decades of operating on the African continent and with 140 000 employees from being an eight-store company worth R1m. This expansion also included Checkers, OK Bazaars, a furniture division, and the Hungry Lion. Basson, 70, is expected to remain with the group as non-executive vice-chairman to continue to share his knowledge and experience. Yesterday Basson said that it was time to pass the baton to a new generation of leadership after years of being at the helm of the company. Given the quality of Shoprite Holdings current management team and their exceptional track record I foresee that the company will continue to grow from strength to strength, he said in a statement. Basson also said it would be business as usual for Shoprite as the effective succession had always been a key focus for the management team and many of the key operational responsibilities had already been successfully handled by the senior management team over the past few years. I look forward to being a sounding board for Pieter Engelbrecht and his team as they take the company forward and continue the high standards we have always set ourselves as the supermarket with the lowest prices and the highest level of customer satisfaction, Basson said. Ron Klipin, a Portfolio Manager at Cratos Wealth, said Basson must be remembered for a great strategy of growing Shoprites strong geographic footprint. If you look at the South African and African food retail sector, Shoprite is well ahead of its competitors, on growth in turnover. Basson has also managed to overcome major obstacles in the African market, with an increase in sales of 35 percent, in non-South African supermarkets, Klipin said. He has expanded the brand portfolio during his tenure, to include Checkers, OK Bazaars, a furniture division, and the Hungry Lion, he said. Absa Investment equity analyst Chris Gilmour said Basson grew Shoprite organically. Gilmour described Basson as a visionary who went into Africa when his competitors where scared to do so. Africa is a difficult place to do business, and he was tenacious, brave, innovative and highly intelligent. He leaves an incredible legacy, said Gilmour. Shoprite chairman Christo Wiese said Basson had been a very strong and charismatic leader who had managed the company through market transitions and challenging times. Wiese said Basson took calculated risks to turn the supermarket group into the leading retailer on the continent. He accelerated the growth of the business and inter alia spearheaded Shoprites pioneering expansion into the rest of Africa after 1994. He also successfully acquired and integrated Grand Bazaars, Checkers and OK Bazaars. He fully deserves his reputation as one of South Africas retail giants. Adapted from Faku,2023 4.1 In light of the above, discuss the types of power identified by John French and Bertram Raven with the use of appropriate examples. (16) 4.2 Discuss the roles of management at the highest, middle, and lowest levels. Your discussion should include the responsibility, main function, time orientation and positions held by them. (12) 4.3 List and discuss the 3 managerial skills required for managers to effectively perform their duties, with the use of relevant examples.