John consults the specialist doctors at a private hospital (PH Ltd) in Singapore. He complains of a severe headache. The doctors examine him but unfortunately, they fail to detect a tumour that was growing on his brain. They tell him that there was nothing serious with his medical condition.

Six months later he is diagnosed with advanced brain cancer by specialists in another hospital. The hospital informs him that if he was diagnosed accurately by PH Ltd the cancerous growth could have been prevented through early medical intervention. He is very upset and wishes to take legal action against the doctors and PH Ltd for their negligence.

Advice John as to what he has to establish in order to succeed in his claim under the law of tort of negligence.