Joint Obligations to Obligations with a Penal Clause

1. Five law students who were childhood best friends from the province, rented the apartment of Sara for a period of one year. However, the pandemic struck and all but one, Ramses, returned to the province. However, Ramses also needs to move from Manila to Pasig because he found employment there as a legal secretary, so he also bid goodbye to Sara. Sara discovered that there is an unpaid DSL bills totaling to an amount of P5,000. One day, Sara showed up at Ramses' new workplace and demanded him to pay the entire unpaid DSL bills. Sara pointed out that lease contract provided that the lessees shall pay for the DSL services in the leased premises. Is Sara correct in demanding the entire DSL bills from Ramses?

2.Karen and Kelsey made themselves solidarity indebted to Lara for the amount of P50,000.00. When Lara demanded payment from Karen, the latter refused to pay Kelsey's share of P25,000. According to Karen, Kelsey was declared legally insolvent, hence Kelsey's obligation to Lara is extinguished. How much can Lara collect from Kelsey? Explain your answer.

3.Pia, lot owner, contracted with Max Corp., builder, to build a multi-storey building designed by Arch. Jenny Javier. Arch. Javier was paid a fee to supervise the construction and execution of his design. When completed, Pia accepted the work and occupied the building, but within one year, it collapsed in an earthquake that destroyed only the building and not the surrounding buildings. Construction was faulty. What are the rights of Pia against Max Corp. and Arch. Javier? Cite your basis under the Civil Code.

4.Tiffany, Chelsea, and Laura are jointly liable to give a particular car worth P1.2 million in favor of Mark, Luke, Matthew, and John. Tiffany became insolvent and the debtors, therefore, cannot purchase the car to give to the creditors. Mark and Matthew had renounced their rights. The rest of the debtors are not in default. Can Luke and John still collect from Chelsea and Laura under the Civil Code? Explain and cite your basis.