Justin gave a check for $5 to Samuel, but in doing so he forgot to fill in the customary wavy line following the amount in the words. Samuel indorsed the check to Maria. Maria easily increased the amount to $500 and then presented the chedk to Justin's bank for payment. Justin's bank gave Maria the $500.

a. Is Justin liable for the $500 to Maria? If so, for how much?

b. Is the bank liable? If so, for how much?

c. Is Samuel liable? If so, for how much?

d What law would apply?