Kindly give responses to these questions,urgently

Question 10

What does the term pseudo-papilloedema mean?

Question 11

Could direct ophthalmoscopy falsely detect papilloedema due to error of

refraction?

Question 12

What is the cause of bilateral macular oedema?

Question 13

How can one differentiate between papilloedema and a tilted disc on

fundus examination?

Question 14

On fundus examination, does the preservation of the disc cup (no

obliteration) despite nasal blurring of the edges of the cup mean an

absence of papilloedema?

Question 15

What findings should be looked for during routine fundus examination

in patients on long-term chloroquine or other anti-malarial therapy for

treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)?

Question 16

Which diseases are commonly associated with a macular star on

ophthalmoscopic examination?

Question 17

Can a cataract in one eye produce an afferent pupillary defect in that eye?

Question 18

What is meant by copper and silver wiring of retinal vessels on

ophthalmoscopy, what do they look like and which of them signifies

atherosclerosis?

Question 19

What is the mechanism of papilloedema? Is it that the intracranial

pressure exceeds the pressure of the central retinal vein?