Koontz Company manufactures a number of products. The standards relating to one of these products are shown below, along with actual cost data for May.

	Standard Cost per Unit				Actual Cost per Unit
Direct materials:
Standard: 1.90 feet at $4.40 per foot		$ 8.36
Actual: 1.85 feet at $4.80 per foot						$ 8.88
Direct labor:
Standard: 0.95 hours at $18.00 per hour		17.10
Actual: 1.00 hours at $17.50 per hour						17.50
Variable overhead:
Standard: 0.95 hours at $6.00 per hour		5.70
Actual: 1.00 hours at $5.60 per hour						5.60
Total cost per unit		$31.16				$31.98
Excess of actual cost over standard cost per unit						$0.82

The production superintendent was pleased when he saw this report and commented: