Lab 10.4.1- IP Addressing-Overview

Drzleba - 31- Due 3-1-18 Cisco Labs-Semester 1-Networking Fundamentals LAB 10.4.1-IP ADDRESSING OVERVIEW (Estimated rimer 30 minutes) objectives: Name the five different classes of IP addresses Describe the characteristics and use of the different IP address classes dentify the class of an IP address based on the network number Determine which part (octet) of an IP address is the network ID and which part is the host ID Identify valid and invalid IP host addresses based on the rules of IP addressing Define the range of addresses and default subnet mask for each class Background: Tils lab helps you develop an understanding of IP addresses and how TCP/IP networks operate. IP dresses are used to uniquely identify individual TCP/IP networks and hosts (computers and printers) on diose networks in order for devices to communicate. Workstations and servers on a TCP/IP network are called "hosts," and each has a unique IP address, which is referred to as its "host" address. TCP/IP is the most widely used protocol in the world. The Internet or World Wide Web uses only IP addressing. In order for a host to access the Internet, it must have an IP address. In its basic form, the IP address has two parts: a network address and a host address. The network portion of the IP address is assigned to a company or organization by the Internet Network Information Center InterNIC). Routers use the IP address to move data packets between networks. IP addresses are 32 bits Tong (with current version IPv4) and are divided into 4 octets of 8 bits each. They operate at the network layer 3 of the OSI model (the Internetwork layer of the TCP/IP model) and are assigned statically (manually) by a network administrator or dynamically (automatically) by a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server. The IP address of a workstation (host) is a "logical address," meaning it can be changed. The MAC address of the workstation is a 48-bit "physical address," which is burned into the NIC and cannot change unless the NIC is replaced. The combination of the logical IP address and the nhysical MAC address helps route packets to their proper destination. There are five different classes of IP addresses, and depending on the class, the network and host part of the address will use a different number of bits. In this lab, you work with the different classes of IP addresses and become familiar with the characteristics of each. The understanding of IP addresses is critical to your understanding of TCP/IP and internetworks in general. Tools/Preparation: This is primarily a written lab exercise, but you might want to use Control Panel/Network to review some real network IP addresses. Before beginning this lab, you should refer to the Cisco Networking Academy Program: First-Year Companion Guide, Second Edition. You should also review Semester 1 online Lesson 10. Required Resources: PC workstation with Windows operating system (Windows 95, 98, NT, or 2000) installed on PC and access to the Windows Calculator Cisco Labs-Semester 1-Networking Fundamentals LAB 10.4.1-IP ADDRESSING-WORKSHEET Step 1. Review IP address classes and their characteristics. Explanation: There are five classes of IP addresses (A through E). Only the first three classes are used commercially. We discuss a Class A network address in the table to get started. The first column is the class of IP address. The second column is the first octet, which must fall within the range shown for a given class of address. The Class A address must start with a number between 1 and 126. The first bit of a Class A address is always a zero, meaning the High Order Bit (HOB) or the 128 bit cannot be used. 127 is reserved for loopback testing. The first octet alone defines the network ID for a Class A network address. The default subnet mask uses all binary ones (decimal 255) to mask the finu 8 bits of the Class A address. The default subnet mask helps routers and hosts determine if the destination host is on this network or another one. Because there are only 126 Class A networks, the remaining 24 bits (3 octets) can be used for hosts. Each Class A network can have 22 (2 to the 24 power) or over 16 million hosts. It is common to subdivide the network into smaller groupings called subnets by using a custom subnet mask, which is discussed in the next lab. The network or host portion of the address cannot be all ones or all zeros. As an example, the Class A address of 118.0.0.5 is a valid IP address because the network portion (first 8 bits, equal to 118) is not all zeros and the host portion (the last 24 bits) is not all zeros or all ones. If the host portion were all zeros, it would be the network address itself. If the host portion were all ones, it would be a broadcast for the network address. The value of any octet can never be greater than decimal 255 or binary 11111111. 1"Octet 1 "Octet Network/Host Hosts per High ID Default Number of Class Network Decimal Order (N=Network, Subnet Mask Networks (Usable Range Bits H=Host) Addresses) 126 16,777,214 A 1-126 0 N.H.H.H 255.0.0.0 (2-2) (22-2) 16,382 65,534 B 128-191 10 N.N.H.H 255.255.0.0 (242) (26-2) 2,097,150 254 192-223 110 255.255.255.0 N.N.N.H (221-2) (28-2) D 224-239 1110 Reserved for Multicasting E 240-254 11110 Experimental; used for research Class A address 127 cannot be used and is reserved for loopback and diagnostic functions. - 33 - Cisco Labs-Semester 1-Networking Fundamentals LAB 10.4.1-IP ADDRESSING-WORKSHEET S2. Banie IP addressing. Tasker Use the IP address churt and your knowledge of IP address classes to answer the following questions What is the decimal and binary range of the first octet of all possible Class B IP addresses? Decimal: From: To: Binary: From: To: 2. Which octet(s) represent the network portion of a Class CIP address? Which octet(s) represent the host portion of a Class A IP address? Step 3. Determine the host and network portions of the IP address. Task: With the following IP host addresses, indicate the class of each address, the network address or ID, the host portion, the broadcast address for this network, and the default subnet mask. Explanation: The host portion will be all zeros for the network ID. Enter just the octets that make up the host. The host portion will be all ones for a broadcast. The network portion of the address will be all ones for the subnet mask. 1. Fill in the following table: Host-IP Address Address Network Class Address 216.14.55.137 Host Address Network Default Subnet Broadcast Address Mask 123.11.15 150.127.221.244 194.125.35.199 175. 2.239.244 2. Given an IP address of 142.226.0.15, a. What is the binary equivalent of the second octet? b. What is the class of the address? c. What is the network address of this IP address? d. Is this a valid IP host address (Y/N)? e. Why or why not? -- Cisco Labs-Semester 1-Networking Fundamentals LAB 10.4.1-IP ADDRESSING-WORKSHEET 3. What is the maximum number of hosts you can have with a Class C network address? 254 4. How many Class B networks are there? 11384 5. How many hosts can cach Class B network have? (653 4 6. How many octets are there in an IP address?_4 Step 4. Determine which IP host addresses are valid for commercial networks. Task: For the following IP host addresses, determine which are valid for commercial networks. Why or why not? Explanation: Valid means it could be assigned to a workstation, server, printer, router interface, How many bits per octet? and so on. 1. Fill in the following table. IP Host Address Valid Address? Why or Why Not (Yes/No) 150.100.255.255 NO Class B broadcast aldress so it's not a valid host 175.100.255.18 Yes Vald Class B hart address: 195.234.253.0 No class c network address so its not a valid host 100.0.0.23 Yes Class A host address 188.258.221.176 NO Invalid and Octet 127.34.25.189 No d lopback function 224.156.217.73 NO Tho portion is reserved for Dragnostic class d is for Multicasting